Demographics of Qatar

Natives of the Arabian Peninsula, many Qataris are descended from a number of migratory tribes that came to Qatar in the 18th century to escape the harsh conditions of the neighboring areas of Nejd and Al-Hasa. Some are descended from Omani tribes. Qatar has about 2.6 million inhabitants as of early 2017, the majority of whom (about 92%) live in Doha, the capital. Foreign workers amount to around 88% of the population, with Indians being the largest community numbering around 650,000. As of an unofficial 2017 report, there were a further 350,000 Nepalis, 280,000 Bangladeshis, 260,000 Filipinos, 200,000 Egyptians, 145,000 Sri Lankans and 125,000 Pakistanis among many other nationalities. The treatment of these foreign workers has been heavily criticized in recent years, with living conditions suggested to be exploitative and abusive.

The Qataris are mainly Sunni Muslims. Islam is the official religion, and Islamic jurisprudence is the basis of Qatar's legal system. Arabic is the official language and English is the lingua franca of business. Hindi and Urdu are also widely spoken, especially by the South Asian foreign workers. Education is compulsory and free for all residents 6–16 years old. Qatar has an increasingly high literacy rate.

Ethnicity
Qataris can be divided into three ethnic groups: Bedouins, Hadar, and Africans-origin. Bedouins are descended from the nomads of the Arabian Peninsula. The Hadar are mostly descended from Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan and are occasionally referred to as "Irani-Qataris".

By nationality
As of 2011-2014 report by International Organization for Migration, 176,748 Nepali Citizens of Madhesi ethnicity lived in Qatar as migrant workers. As of 2012, about 7,000 Turkish nationals live in Qatar.

As of 2016, about 1,000 Colombian nationals and descendants live in Qatar.

Vital statistics
===UN estimates ===

===Registered births and deaths ===

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated.

Population

 * 2,123,160 (July 2014 est.) Qatar is the 146th most populated nation.
 * 2,374,860 (MAY 2015 est.) Qatar is the 146th most populated nation.

Age structure

 * 0–14 years: 21.8% (male 92,896/female 87,201)
 * 15–64 years: 76.8% (male 451,127/female 182,330)
 * 65 years and over: 1.4% (male 6,545/female 4,690) (2008 est.)

Population growth rate

 * 1.093% (2008 est.)
 * 9.56% – World Bank (2009 est.)
 * 3.58% – CIA World FactBook (2014 est.)
 * 2.11% – 2005–2010 List by the United Nations

Sex ratio

 * At birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
 * 0–14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
 * 15–24 years: 2.83 male(s)/female
 * 25–54 years: 4.61 male(s)/female
 * 55–64 years: 3.41 male(s)/female
 * 65 years and over: 1.5 male(s)/female
 * total population: 3.29 male(s)/female (2013 est.) />

Average life span (Life expectancy at birth)

 * M&F: 75.19 year(s)
 * man:73.5 year(s)
 * woman:76.98 year(s; 2008 est.)

Total fertility rate

 * 2.08 children's born per 1 female (2010 est.) (Qataris: 3.59 children's/woman, Foreign nationals: 1.75 children's/woman)

Nationality

 * noun:Qatari(s)
 * adjective: Qatari

Ethnic groups

 * Qatari 12.10%
 * Indian 25,00%
 * Pakistani 4.80%
 * Iranian 1.50%

Other sources

Religions

 * Islam 99.5% - the majority Salafi Sunni.
 * Other (includes mainly Hindu and some Buddhist) 0.1%
 * Christian 0.001%

Languages

 * Arabic (official)
 * English commonly used as a second language
 * Hindi and Urdu commonly used among South Asian immigrants.

Literacy

 * definition: age >15 can both read & write
 * overall population: 96.3%
 * males: 96.5%
 * females: 95.4% (2010 est.)

Y-chromosome DNA
Y-Chromosome DNA Y-DNA represents the male lineage, The Qatari Y-chromosome in large belongs to haplogroup J which comprises two thirds of the total chromosomes
 * J1 ≈58.3%
 * J2 ≈8.3%
 * E* ≈7.0% — E(xE1b1b)
 * R1a ≈6.9%
 * E1b1b ≈5.6%
 * Other Haplogroups ≈13.9%

Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA represents the female lineage The Qatari mitochondrial DNA shows much more diversity than the Y-DNA lineages, with more than 35% of the lineages showing African ancestry (East African & Subsaharan) & the rest of the lineages being Eurasian.
 * R0 ~ 22% (14% R0*, 8% H)
 * JT ~ 22% (18% J & 4% T)
 * UK ~ 20% (11% K & 9% U)
 * L3 ~ 10% (East African & Subsaharan lineages)
 * Other lineages ~ 26%


 * See also : Qatar