Scorpions (band)

Scorpions are a German rock band formed in 1965 in Hanover by Rudolf Schenker. Since the band's inception, its musical style has ranged from hard rock to heavy metal. The lineup from 1978–92 was the most successful incarnation of the group, and included singer Klaus Meine (vocals), Rudolf Schenker (rhythm guitar), Matthias Jabs (lead guitar), Francis Buchholz (bass guitar), and Herman Rarebell (drums). The band's only constant member has been Schenker, although Meine has been the lead singer for all of the band's studio albums, and Jabs has been a consistent member since 1979.

During the mid-1970s, with guitarist Uli Jon Roth part of the line-up, the music of the Scorpions was defined as hard rock. After the departure of Roth in 1978, Matthias Jabs joined and, following the guidance of producer Dieter Dierks, the Scorpions changed their sound towards melodic heavy metal, mixed with rock power ballads. Throughout the 1980s the group received positive reviews and critical acclaim from music critics, and experienced commercial success with the albums Animal Magnetism (1980), Blackout (1982), Love at First Sting (1984), World Wide Live (1985) and Savage Amusement (1988).

Their best-selling album Crazy World (1990) includes the song "Wind of Change", a symbolic anthem of the political changes in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It is one of the best-selling singles in the world with over fourteen million copies sold. Scorpions have sold over 100 million records in total. They have released 18 studio albums, 27 compilation albums and 74 singles. Six of their singles have reached number one on the charts in different countries. Their albums, singles, compilations and video releases have reached 200 times gold, platinum and multi-platinum status in different countries.

Rolling Stone Magazine described the Scorpions as "the heroes of heavy metal", and MTV called them "Ambassadors of Rock". The band was ranked number 46 on VH1's Greatest Artists of Hard Rock programme, with "Rock You Like a Hurricane" at number 18 on VH1's list of the 100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs. "Still Loving You" ranked 22nd place among the greatest ballads. The Scorpions have received prestigious awards such as three World Music Awards, a star on the Hollywood Rock wall, and a presence in the permanent exhibition of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2015 the group celebrated its 50th anniversary.

Formation and early history (1965–1973)
Rudolf Schenker, the band's rhythm guitarist launched the band in 1965. At first, the band had beat influences and Schenker himself handled the vocals. Things began to come together in 1970 when Schenker's younger brother Michael and vocalist Klaus Meine joined the band. In 1972 the group recorded and released their debut album Lonesome Crow, with Lothar Heimberg on bass and Wolfgang Dziony on drums. During the Lonesome Crow tour, the Scorpions opened for upcoming British band UFO. Near the end of the tour, guitarist Michael Schenker accepted an offer of lead guitar for UFO. Uli Roth, a friend of Michael's, was then introduced to the band and he helped them to finish off the tour.

The departure of Michael Schenker led to the breakup of the band. In 1973, Uli Roth, who had helped the Scorpions complete the Lonesome Crow tour, was offered the role as lead guitarist, but turned the band down, preferring instead to remain in the band Dawn Road. Rudolf Schenker eventually decided that he wanted to work with Roth, but did not want to resurrect the last Scorpions lineup. He attended some of Dawn Road's rehearsals and ultimately decided to join the band, which consisted of Roth, Francis Buchholz (bass), Achim Kirschning (keyboards) and Jürgen Rosenthal (drums). Uli Roth and Buchholz persuaded Rudolf Schenker to invite Klaus Meine to join on vocals, which he soon did. While there were more members of Dawn Road than Scorpions in the band, they decided to use the Scorpions name because it was well known in the German hard rock scene and an album had been released under that name.

Rise to fame (1974–1978)
In 1974, the new line-up released Fly to the Rainbow. The album proved to be more successful than Lonesome Crow and songs such as "Speedy's Coming" and the title track established the band's sound. Achim Kirschning decided to leave after the recordings. Soon after, Jürgen Rosenthal had to leave as he was being drafted into the army. In 1976, he would join a German progressive rock band called Eloy recording three albums. He was replaced in July 1974 by Jurgen Fechter. In 1975 Rudy Lenners from Belgium became the next drummer.

That year (1975) the band released In Trance, which marked the beginning of their long collaboration with German producer Dieter Dierks. The album was a huge step forward for the Scorpions and established their heavy metal formula. It garnered a fan base at home and abroad with cuts such as "In Trance", "Dark Lady" and "Robot Man".

Meanwhile, as "The Hunters", the band recorded "Fuchs geh' voran" and "Wenn es richtig losgeht", German cover versions of "Action" and "Fox on the Run" by Sweet for EMI's Electrola label.

In 1976, the Scorpions released Virgin Killer, the album cover of which featured a nude prepubescent girl behind a broken pane of glass. The cover art was designed by Stefan Bohle who was the product manager for RCA Records, their label at the time. The cover brought the band considerable market exposure but was subsequently pulled or replaced in other countries. The album itself garnered widespread praise for its music from select critics and fan base. In 2008, the cover art on the English Wikipedia was blacklisted by the Internet Watch Foundation.

The following year, Rudy Lenners resigned for personal reasons and was replaced by Herman Rarebell.

For the follow-up Taken by Force, RCA Records made a determined effort to promote the album in stores and on the radio. The album's single, "Steamrock Fever", was added to some of RCA's radio promotional records. Roth was not happy with the commercial direction the band was taking. Although he performed on the band's Japan tour, he departed to form his own band, Electric Sun prior to the release of the resultant double live album Tokyo Tapes. Tokyo Tapes was released in the US and Europe six months after its Japanese release. By that time in mid 1978, after auditioning around 140 guitarists, the Scorpions recruited guitarist Matthias Jabs.

Commercial success (1978–1992)
Following the addition of Jabs, Scorpions left RCA for Mercury Records in the United States and Harvest/EMI Electrola worldwide to record their next album Lovedrive. Just weeks after quitting UFO, Michael Schenker returned to the group for a short period during the recordings for the album. This gave the band three guitarists (though Schenker's contribution to the final release was limited to only three songs). The result was Lovedrive, an album which some critics consider to be the pinnacle of their career. Containing such fan favourites as "Loving You Sunday Morning", "Always Somewhere", "Holiday" and the instrumental "Coast to Coast", it firmly cemented the "Scorpions formula" of hard rock songs mixed with melodic ballads. The album's provocative artwork was named "Best album sleeve of 1979" by Playboy magazine, yet ultimately changed for American release. Lovedrive reached No. 55 on the US charts, demonstrating that the band was gathering an international following. After the completion and release of the album the band decided to retain Michael in the band, forcing Jabs to leave. However, in April 1979, during their tour in France, Michael quit and Jabs was brought in permanently to replace him.

In 1980 the band released Animal Magnetism, again with a provocative cover this time showing a girl kneeling and a Doberman Pinscher sitting in front of a man. Animal Magnetism contained classics such as "The Zoo" and "Make It Real". Soon after the album's release, Meine began experiencing throat problems. He required surgery on his vocal cords and doubts were raised about whether he would ever sing again.

Meanwhile, the band began working on their next album, Blackout in 1981. Don Dokken was brought in to provide guide and backing vocals while Meine recovered. Meine eventually healed completely and was able to finish the album. Blackout was released in 1982 and quickly became the band's best selling album to date, eventually going platinum. Meine's voice showed no signs of weakness and fan response to the album was good. Blackout spawned two singles: "No One Like You" and "Can't Live Without You".

Gaining in popularity from the success of Blackout, the Scorpions performed to over 375,000 fans on Day 2 at the three-day US Festival concert held in San Bernardino, California during Memorial Day Weekend of 1983. The concert was aired live on MTV, giving the band wide exposure in a live show.

The 1984 album Love at First Sting cemented the Scorpions' status as an internationally popular band. Propelled by the single "Rock You Like a Hurricane", Love at First Sting climbed the charts and went double platinum in the USA a few months after its release.

MTV gave the album's videos "Rock You Like a Hurricane", "Bad Boys Running Wild", "Big City Nights", and the power ballad "Still Loving You" significant airtime greatly contributing to the album's success. The channel even supplied Scorpions with the nickname "The Ambassadors of Rock" to the chagrin of industry insiders who recognised the executive influence behind the scenes. Rolling Stone magazine named them "The Heroes of Heavy Metal".

The band toured extensively behind Love at First Sting and released their second live album, World Wide Live in 1985. Recorded over a year-long world tour and released at the height of their popularity, the album was another success for the band, peaking at No. 14 in the charts in the US and at No. 18 in the UK.

After their extensive world tours, the band finally returned to the studio to record Savage Amusement. Released in 1988, four years after their previous studio album, Savage Amusement represented a more polished and mature sound similar to the style Def Leppard had found success with. The album sold well but was considered somewhat of a critical disappointment. However, British heavy rock magazine Kerrang! did award the album five K's out of five.

On the Savage Amusement tour in 1988, the Scorpions became only the second Western group (not American) to play in the Soviet Union. Uriah Heep had performed in December 1987 in Leningrad. The following year the band returned to perform at the Moscow Music Peace Festival. As a result, the Scorpions developed an extended Russian fan base and still return to perform.

Wishing to distance themselves from the Savage Amusement style, the band separated from their long-time producer and "Sixth Scorpion", Dieter Dierks, replacing him with Keith Olsen when they returned to the studio in 1990. Crazy World was released that same year and displayed a less polished sound. The album was propelled in large part by the massive success of the ballad "Wind of Change". The song muses on the socio-political changes that were occurring in Eastern Europe and in other parts of the world at the end of the Cold War. On 21 July 1990 they joined many other guests for Roger Waters' massive performance of The Wall in Berlin. Scorpions performed both versions of "In the Flesh" from The Wall. After the Crazy World tour Francis Buchholz, the band's long-serving bassist, left the group.

Later days (1993–2009)
In 1993, the Scorpions released Face the Heat. Bass was handled by Ralph Rieckermann. For the recording process, the band brought in producer Bruce Fairbairn. The album's sound was more metal than melodic. Neither the heavy metal single "Alien Nation" nor the ballad "Under The Same Sun" came close to matching the success of "Wind of Change". Face the Heat was a moderate success. In 1995, a new album, Live Bites, was produced. The disc documented retro live performances from their Savage Amusement Tour in 1988, all the way through the Face the Heat Tour in 1994. While the album had a technologically cleaner sound in comparison to their best-selling live album, World Wide Live, it was not as successful.

Prior to recording their 13th studio album, 1996s Pure Instinct, drummer Herman Rarebell left the band to set up a recording label. Curt Cress took charge of the drumsticks for the album before Louisville, Kentucky-born James Kottak took over permanently. The album had many ballads. Still, the album's singles "Wild Child" and the soothing ballad "You and I" both enjoyed moderate success.

1999 saw the release of Eye II Eye and a significant change in the band's style, mixing in elements of pop and techno. While the album was slickly produced, it was not received well by fans. The video to the album's first European single, "To Be No. 1", featured a Monica Lewinsky look-alike which did little to improve its popularity.

The following year, the Scorpions had an artistic collaboration with the Berlin Philharmonic that resulted in a 10-song album named Moment of Glory. The album went a long way toward rebuilding the band's reputation after the harsh criticism of Eye II Eye. However, critics accused them of following on the coattails of Metallica's similar collaboration (S&M) with the San Francisco Symphony which had been released the previous year, even though the orchestra had first approached the Scorpions with the idea in 1995.

In 2001, the Scorpions released Acoustica, a live unplugged album featuring acoustic reworkings of the band's biggest hits, plus new tracks. While appreciated by fans, the lack of a new studio album was frustrating to some, and Acoustica did little to return the band to the spotlight.

In 2004, the band released Unbreakable, an album that was hailed by critics as a long-awaited return to form. The album was the heaviest the band had released since Face the Heat. Whether a result of poor promotion by the band's label or the long time between studio releases, Unbreakable received little airplay and did not chart. Scorpions toured extensively behind the album and played as "Special Guests" with Judas Priest during the 2005 British tour—these were the Scorpions' first dates in the UK since 1999.

In early 2006, the Scorpions released the DVD 1 Night in Vienna that included 14 live tracks and a complete rockumentary. In LA, the band spent about four months in the studio with producers James Michael and Desmond Child working on a concept album titled Humanity: Hour I, which was released in late May 2007, and was followed by the "Humanity World Tour".

In 2007, the band collaborated with two of their signature tracks in the video game series, Guitar Hero. "No One Like You" was featured on the Rocks the '80s version of the game while "Rock You Like A Hurricane" was released on Guitar Hero 3: Legends of Rock.

On 14 May 2007, the Scorpions released Humanity – Hour I in Europe. Humanity – Hour I became available in the U.S. on August 28 on New Door Records, entering the Billboard charts at number No. 63.

In a September 2007 podcast interview, Meine said the album was not so much a "concept album", but rather a collection of songs with a common theme. "We didn't want to make another record with songs about boys chasing girls. I mean, come on, give me a break," Meine said.

Asked in 2007 if the band was planning to release a Humanity – Hour II, Meine replied:

"That is what everybody is asking. There might be. Who knows? Right now we are at the beginning of the world tour. It is exciting to play the new songs and they go very well with the classics. It is exciting that there is a whole new audience out there. There are many longtime fans but there are a lot of young kids. We just played in London and in Paris and there were young kids rocking out to songs that were written way before they were born. It is amazing. I don’t want to think about Hour II right now because Hour I is so exciting. It is very inspiring to see how much the audience enjoys this new music."

- Klaus Meine

On 20 December 2007, the Scorpions played at a concert for the elite of Russia's security forces in the Kremlin. The concert was a celebration of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Cheka—predecessor of the KGB. The band has claimed that they thought they were performing a Christmas concert. They have said that their concert was by no means a tribute to the Cheka, communism, or Russia's brutal past. Members of the audience included Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev.

On 22 February 2009, the band received Germany's ECHO Honorary Award for lifetime achievement at Berlin's O2 World.

Sting in the Tail, touring and Comeback (2010–2014)
In November 2009, the Scorpions announced that their 17th studio album, Sting in the Tail, would be released in early 2010, recorded in Hanover with Swedish producers Mikael "Nord" Andersson and Martin Hansen. Sting in the Tail was released on 23 March 2010.

On 24 January 2010, the band announced their intentions for Sting in the Tail to be their last album, with the tour supporting it being their final tour, although the band later made the decision to continue recording past the end of the tour. Dokken was scheduled to open for them but cancelled after a dispute.



On 6 April 2010, they were enshrined in Hollywood's Rock Walk in a handprint ceremony, with the band members placing their hands in a long slab of wet cement next to other musical artists.

An album of re-recordings of older songs, Comeblack, was released on 7 November 2011.

Meine was asked in a July 2011 interview about the future of the Scorpions. He replied, "Our newest project comes out in the next few months. It gives you a chance to experience the Scorpions in 3D. You can actually feel the smoke string out of the guitar like it is a live show. It is an incredible experience. The DVD features our concerts in 3D in Germany. We are just about to do the mix and it should be in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia hopefully soon. Indeed, the strong 3D technology makes us feel like pioneers after all these years (he says, laughing). We have an album coming out later this year featuring classics. You know our love for them. The '60s was the era for our inspiration. Our movie/documentary also is soon to be released. We have cameras with us on tours, so this documentary is being made during our tours. It also gives you a picture of the Scorpions career and journey."

Almost a year in advance it was announced the Scorpions would headline the Wacken Open Air Festival on 4 August.

Despite ongoing rumours of a break up or retirement, guitarist Matthias Jabs told AZ Central on 12 June 2012 that the Scorpions would not be splitting up. A month later, Jabs told Billboard magazine that the band has been working on an album that will contain unreleased songs they recorded for the albums Blackout, Love at First Sting, Savage Amusement and Crazy World and plan to release it in 2014. In April the Scorpions announced shows in Russia and Belarus with an orchestra in October 2013. On 11, 12, and 14 September 2013, Scorpions played three MTV Unplugged concerts at the Lycabettus-Theatre in Athens. On 6 November 2013 they announce 4 more MTV Unplugged Concert in Germany 2014. In December 2013 in an interview at Rock Show radio program in Greece, Meine said he was not sure if the album with unreleased songs they recorded for the albums Blackout, Love at First Sting, Savage Amusement and Crazy World would be released in 2014 or later on.

In 2014 the Scorpions were nominated for two Echo Awards ("Euro Grammys") for their MTV Unplugged.

On 16 August, they announced that there was a new album in the works, due for release sometime in 2015.

50th anniversary and Return to Forever (2015–present)
On 23 October 2014 Meine spoke to the band's French fan-club Crazyscorps, and announced that the new record would be published in February or March 2015, to coincide with the band's 50th anniversary. Contrary to what the band said in 2013, the new record would present not only newly recorded versions of never-published songs, but also new material, written between 2011 and 2014. The album is being recorded in Sweden, with producers Martin Hansen and Mikael Nord Andersson. Drummer James Kottak, who left the band in May 2014 for rehab, would return to play drums on the new record. The new album Return to Forever was released on 20 February 2015.

On 29 August 2015, the Scorpions announced 50th anniversary deluxe editions of their albums Taken By Force, Tokyo Tapes, Lovedrive, Animal Magnetism, Blackout, Love At First Sting, World Wide Live, and Savage Amusement which were released 6 November 2015. These deluxe releases include "dozens of unreleased songs, alternate versions of big hits, rough mixes, and rare live concert recordings". On 28 April 2016, it was announced that Motörhead drummer Mikkey Dee would fill in for James Kottak and play drums on 12 North American headlining dates, including a run of shows at the Hard Rock Hotel in Las Vegas dubbed "Scorpions blacked out in Las Vegas" with Queensryche opening the Vegas shows, and dates in São Paulo, Brazil. On 12 September 2016, Dee was officially announced as the band's new permanent drummer.

On January 18, 2017 The Scorpions were inducted into the Hall of Heavy Metal History (created by Pat Gesualdo and Joe Dell) for being in the forefront of the two guitar attack in Heavy Metal.

Musical theatre
The Scorpions song "Wind of Change" appears in the Off-Broadway production Power Balladz.

Current members

 * Rudolf Schenker – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1965–present)
 * Klaus Meine – lead vocals (1969–present)
 * Matthias Jabs – lead guitar, backing vocals (1978–present)
 * Paweł Mąciwoda – bass, backing vocals (2003–present)
 * Mikkey Dee – drums (2016–present)

Vocalists

 * Werner Hoyer – lead vocals (1967–1968)
 * Herby Spamfritter – lead vocals (1968)
 * Bernd Hegner – lead vocals (1968–1969)

Bassists

 * Achim Kirchoff – bass (1965-1966; died 1979)
 * Lothar Heimberg – bass, backing vocals (1967–1973)
 * Francis Buchholz – bass, backing vocals (1973–1992)
 * Ralph Rieckermann – bass, backing vocals (1992–2003)

Drummers

 * Wolfgang Dziony – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1965–1972)
 * Harald Grosskopf – drums, percussion (1967)
 * Joe Wyman – drums, percussion (1972–1973)
 * Werner Lohr – drums, percussion (1972)
 * Jürgen Rosenthal – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1973–1974)
 * Jurgen Fechter – drums, percussion (1974–1975)
 * Rudy Lenners – drums, percussion (1975–1977)
 * Herman Rarebell – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1977–1995)
 * Curt Cress – drums, percussion (1995–1996)
 * James Kottak – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1996–2016)

Guitarists

 * Karl-Heinz Vollmer – lead guitar, backing vocals (1965–1967)
 * Ulrich Worobiec – lead guitar, backing vocals (1968–1969)
 * Michael Schenker – lead guitar, backing vocals (1969–1973, 1978-1979)
 * Uli Jon Roth – lead guitar, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Drifting Sun", "Fly to the Rainbow", "Dark Lady", "Sun in My Hand", "Hell Cat", "Polar Nights" (1973–1978)

Keyboardists

 * Achim Kirschning – keyboards (1973–1974, 1975–1977 as support member)

Managers

 * Krebs/Leber (management 1979–1988)
 * Doc McGhee (management 1988–1994)
 * Peter F. Amend (lawyer, booking agent, and manager 1991–2014)
 * Jens-Carsten Schneider (lawyer, booking agent, and manager 2014–present)
 * Stewart Young (1995–present)
 * Rod MacSween ( –present, international booking agent worldwide)
 * Steve Martin ( –present, booking agent for USA and Canada )
 * Tom Consolo (Front Line Management;Frontline Management Group, Azoffmusic Management; North-America, 2011/12)
 * Steve Martin (The Agency Group, 2012)

Awards and honours

 * 1975: Best German Live Band
 * 1976: Album of the Year in Germany - Virgin Killer
 * 1979: Playboy magazine: Best artwork of the year for the Lovedrive cover
 * 1985: Entry into the Golden Book of Hanover
 * 1986: Bravo-Otto Band in Silver Category, Hard & Heavy
 * 1991: Bravo Otto in Gold Category band, Hard & Heavy
 * 1991: Invitation to the Kremlin, reception in the former Soviet state with party leader Mikhail Gorbachev
 * 1992: Bravo Otto in bronze category band, Hard & Heavy
 * 1992: World Music Award as the most successful German rock act
 * 1992: Echo as the best national group
 * 1992: Europe Golden (German: Goldene Europa)
 * 1994: World Music Award
 * 1998: Radio Regenbogen Award, Rock International
 * 2000: Town of Hanover Plaque (German: Stadtplakette)
 * 2000: Entry into the Golden Book of Hanover
 * 2000: Cultural Prize of the City of Hanover
 * 2001: Scorpions Street in Leganes, Spain
 * 2009: Echo Lifetime Achievement award
 * 2010: Star on the Hollywood Rock Walk, Los Angeles
 * 2010: Rock Legend Award - the World Music Award (special award for outstanding contribution to the development of rock music)
 * 2010: Special postage stamp Scorpions for the Brazil tour, published by the Brazilian postal service
 * 2010: Lifetime Achievement Awards, the Hard Rock Cafe chain
 * 2011: Radio Regenbogen Award in the category  Lifetime Rock
 * 2011: Pioneer of Pop - awarded by SWR3-New-Pop-Festival
 * 2011:Metal Guru Award from Classic Rock (magazine)
 * 2012: CGDC Award for Music for Dialogue from the Center for Global Dialogue and Cooperation (CGDC)
 * 2012: Deutscher Nachhaltigkeitspreis der Städte und Gemeinden
 * 2013: Steiger Award

Discography

 * Studio albums
 * Lonesome Crow (1972)
 * Fly to the Rainbow (1974)
 * In Trance (1975)
 * Virgin Killer (1976)
 * Taken by Force (1977)
 * Lovedrive (1979)
 * Animal Magnetism (1980)
 * Blackout (1982)
 * Love at First Sting (1984)
 * Savage Amusement (1988)
 * Crazy World (1990)
 * Face the Heat (1993)
 * Pure Instinct (1996)
 * Eye II Eye (1999)
 * Unbreakable (2004)
 * Humanity: Hour I (2007)
 * Sting in the Tail (2010)
 * Return to Forever (2015)

Tours
The Scorpions have played around 5,000 concerts in over 80 countries.


 * 1972: Lonesome Crow Tour
 * 1974: Fly to the Rainbow Tour
 * 1975–1976: In Trance Tour
 * 1976: Virgin Killer Tour
 * 1977–1978: Taken by Force Tour
 * 1979: Lovedrive Tour
 * 1980: Animal Magnetism Tour
 * 1982–1983: Blackout Tour
 * 1984–1986: Love at First Sting World Tour
 * 1988–1989: Savage Amusement Tour
 * 1990–1991: Crazy World Tour
 * 1993–1994: Face the Heat Tour
 * 1996–1997: Pure Instinct Tour
 * 1999: Eye to Eye Tour
 * 2000: Moment of Glory Tour
 * 2001: Acoustica Tour
 * 2002: Scorpions Tour 2002
 * 2003: Scorpions Tour 2003
 * 2004–2006:Unbreakable World Tour
 * 2007–2009: Humanity World Tour
 * 2010–2016: Get Your Sting and Blackout World Tour
 * March 2010 – October 2011: Get your Sting and Blackout
 * November 2011 – December 2012: Final Sting
 * July 2013 – November 2014: Rock 'n' Roll Forever Tour
 * May 2015 – 2016: Return to Forever / 50th Anniversary Tour
 * 2017: Crazy World Tour