Palo Alto, California

Palo Alto (from palo, literally "stick", colloquially "tree", and alto "tall"; meaning: "tall tree") is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. It is named after a coast redwood tree called El Palo Alto.

Palo Alto was established by Leland Stanford Sr. when he founded Stanford University, following the death of his son, Leland Stanford Jr. The city includes portions of Stanford and is headquarters to a number of high-technology companies, including Hewlett-Packard (HP), Space Systems/Loral, VMware, Tesla Motors, Ford Research and Innovation Center, PARC, IDEO, Skype, Palantir Technologies, and Houzz. It has also served as an incubator to several other high-technology companies such as Google, Facebook, Logitech, Intuit, Pinterest, and PayPal.

As of the 2010 census, the city's total resident population is 64,403. Palo Alto is one of the most expensive cities in the United States and its residents are amongst the highest educated in the country.

History
The recorded history of Palo Alto dates back to 1769, when Gaspar de Portolà noted an Ohlone settlement. This remains an area of known Indian mounds. A plaque at Middlefield Road and Embarcadero Road commemorates the area.

The city got its name from a tall coast redwood tree, named El Palo Alto, which still stands on the east bank of San Francisquito Creek near its intersection with El Camino Real. A plaque there recounts the story of the Portolà expedition, a 63-man, 200-horse expedition from San Diego to Monterey from November 7–11, 1769. The group overshot Monterey in the fog and when they reached modern-day Pacifica, they ascended Sweeney Ridge and saw the San Francisco Bay. Portolà descended from Sweeney Ridge southeast down San Andreas Creek to Laguna Creek (now Crystal Springs Reservoirs) and the Filoli estate, and thence to the San Francisquito Creek watershed, ultimately camping at El Palo Alto from November 6–11, 1769. Thinking the bay was too wide to cross, the group retraced their journey to Monterey, never becoming aware of the Golden Gate entrance to the Bay.

About 1827, Rafael Soto, the tenth child and a son of De Anza Expedition settler Ygnacio Soto and María Bárbara Espinosa de Lugo of Alta, California, came to stay with Máximo Martínez at his Rancho Corte de Madera for seven years. Located south of the San Francisquito Creek, west of today's I-280, Rancho Corte de Madera covered most of Portola Valley to Skyline Boulevard extending south to about Foothill College. In 1835, Rafael Soto and family settled near the San Francisquito Creek near Newell and Middlefield, selling goods to travelers. Rafael Soto died in 1839, but his wife, Maria Antonia Mesa, was granted Rancho Rinconada del Arroyo de San Francisquito in 1841.

In 1839, their daughter María Luisa Soto married John Coppinger, who was the grantee of Rancho Cañada de Raymundo. Rancho Cañada de Raymundo was West of San Francisquito Creek, and began at Alambique Creek, the north border of Rancho Corte de Madera, and extended north, including present day Woodside. Bear Gulch Creek (Bear Creek) flowed on his land in Portola Valley. The rancho also abutted Buelna's grant near Skyline Boulevard and Matadero Creek. Upon Coppinger's death, Maria inherited it and later married a visiting boat captain, John Greer. Greer owned a home on the site that is now Town & Country Village on Embarcadero and El Camino Real. Greer Avenue and Court are named for him. To the west of Rafael Soto, near El Camino and following the Creek, was Rancho San Francisquito granted in 1839 to Antonio Buelna and wife Maria Concepcion.

To the south of the Sotos, the brothers Secundino and Teodoro Robles in 1849 bought Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from José Peña, the 1841 grantee. The grant extended from San Francisquito Creek, Alpine Road and Bishop Lane behind Stanford Shopping Center and golf course, then south along the Santa Cruz Foothills between Junipero Serra & Hwy 280 to the intersection of Matadero Creek/ Hillview /Miranda & then SW near the intersection of Page Mill and Arastradero Rd. where the Joness house was, then east down Arastradero Rd. to the north property line of Alta Mesa Memorial Park and Terman Park. Follow the trail of what was once the old stage road over Adobe Creek (then Yeguas Creek) to El Camino Real & then east on San Antonio Rd. to the Bay marshes passing over the RR and what was once the Jeffry's House & Stables.

The property then went along the bay to the Embarcadero, a major boundary in the day, then up to the Stanford University gates, up Galvez and along Campus way to the hills near the golf course. The grant was bounded on the south by Mariano Castro's Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas grant across San Antonio Road. That's the Robles Rancho, about 80% of Palo Alto and Stanford University. It was whittled down by 1863 through courts to 6981 acre. Stories say their grand hacienda was built on the former meager adobe of José Peña near Ferne off San Antonio Road, midway between Middlefield and Alma Street. Their hacienda hosted fiestas and bull fights. It was ruined in the 1906 earthquake and its lumber was used to build a large barn nearby which it is said lingered until the early 1950s. In 1853, they sold 250 acre, comprising the present day Barron Park, Matadero Creek and Stanford Business Park, to Elisha Oscar Crosby, who coined Mayfield as she called her new property Mayfield Farm. In 1880, Secundino Robles, father to twenty-nine children, still lived just south of Palo Alto, near the location of the present-day San Antonio Shopping Center in Mountain View.

Many of the Spanish names in the Palo Alto area represent the local heritage, descriptive terms and former residents. Pena Court, Miranda Avenue, which was essentially Foothill Expwy, was the married name of Juana Briones and the name occurs in Courts and Avenues and other street names in Palo Alto and Mountain View in the quadrant where she owned vast areas between Stanford University, Grant Road in Mountain View and west of El Camino. Yerba Buena was to her credit. Rinconada was the major Mexican land grant name.



The township of Mayfield was formed in 1855, in what is now southern Palo Alto. In 1875, French financier Jean Baptiste Paulin Caperon, better known as Peter Coutts, purchased land in Mayfield and four other parcels around three sides of today's College Terrace – more than a thousand acres extending from today's Page Mill Road to Serra Street and from El Camino Real to the foothills. Coutts named his property Ayrshire Farm. His fanciful brick 50-foot-tall brick tower near Matadero Creek likely marked the south corner of his property. Leland Stanford started buying land in the area in 1876 for a horse farm, called the Palo Alto Stock Farm. Stanford bought Ayrshire Farm in 1882. Jane and Leland Stanford, Sr. founded Stanford University in 1891, dedicated to his son who died of typhoid fever at age 15 in 1884. In 1886, Stanford came to Mayfield, interested in founding his university there. He had a train stop created near his school on Mayfield's downtown street, Lincoln Street (now named California Avenue). However, he had one condition: alcohol had to be banned from the town. Known for its 13 rowdy saloons, Mayfield rejected his requests for reform. This led him to drive the formation of Palo Alto as a Temperance Town in 1894 with the help of his friend Timothy Hopkins of the Southern Pacific Railroad who bought 740 acre of private land in 1887 for the new townsite. The Hopkins Tract, bounded by El Camino Real, San Francisquito Creek, Boyce, Channing, Melville, and Hopkins Avenues, and Embarcadero Road, was proclaimed a local Heritage District during Palo's Alto Centennial in 1994. Stanford set up his university, Stanford University, and a train stop (on University Avenue) by his new town. With Stanford's support, saloon days faded and Palo Alto grew to the size of Mayfield. On July 2, 1925, Palo Alto voters approved the annexation of Mayfield and the two communities were officially consolidated on July 6, 1925. This saga explains why Palo Alto has two downtown areas: one along University Avenue and one along California Avenue.

The Mayfield News wrote its own obituary four days later: ''"It is with a feeling of deep regret that we see on our streets today those who would sell, or give, our beautiful little city to an outside community. We have watched Mayfield grow from a small hamlet, when Palo Alto was nothing more than a hayfield, to her present size … and it is with a feeling of sorrow that we contemplate the fact that there are those who would sell or give the city away." ''

Many of Stanford University's first faculty members settled in the Professorville neighborhood of Palo Alto. Professorville, now a registered national historic district, is bounded by Kingsley, Lincoln, and Addison avenues and the cross streets of Ramona, Bryant, and Waverley. The district includes a large number of well-preserved residences dating from the 1890s, including 833 Kingsley, 345 Lincoln and 450 Kingsley. 1044 Bryant was the home of Russell Varian, co-inventor of the Klystron tube. The Federal Telegraph laboratory site, situated at 218 Channing, is a California Historical Landmark recognizing Lee de Forest's 1911 invention of the vacuum tube and electronic oscillator at that location. While not open to the public, the garage that housed the launch of Hewlett Packard is located at 367 Addison Avenue. Hewlett Packard recently restored the house and garage. A second historic district on Ramona Street can be found downtown between University and Hamilton Avenues. The Palo Alto Chinese School is the oldest in the entire Bay Area. It is also home to the second oldest opera company in California, the West Bay Opera.

Palo Alto, California is also home to a long standing baseball tradition- The Palo Alto Oaks. The Palo Alto Oaks are a collegiate, summer baseball club that have been in the Bay Area since 1950, 8 years longer than the San Francisco Giants. The Oaks were originally managed by Tony Makjavich for 49 years. The Oaks were going to fold before the summer 2016 season but were taken on by Daniel Palladino and Whaylan Price, Bay Area baseball coaches, who did not want to see the team die. The Oaks have a rich history within the Palo Alto community.

Topography
Palo Alto is crossed by several creeks that flow north to San Francisco Bay, Adobe Creek on its eastern boundary, San Francisquito Creek on its western boundary, and Matadero Creek in between the other two. Arastradero Creek is tributary to Matadero Creek, and Barron Creek is now diverted to Adobe Creek just south of Highway 101 by a diversion channel. The San Francisquito Creek mainstem is formed by the confluence of Corte Madera Creek and Bear Creek not far below Searsville Dam. Further downstream, Los Trancos Creek is tributary to San Francisquito Creek below Interstate 280.

Environmental features
Palo Alto has a number of significant natural habitats, including estuarine, riparian, and oak forest. Many of these habitats are visible in Foothill Park, which is owned by the city. The Charleston Slough contains a rich marsh and littoral zone, providing feeding areas for a variety of shorebirds and other estuarine wildlife.

Palo Alto is in the south-eastern section of the San Francisco Peninsula. It is bordered to the north by East Palo Alto, to the east by Mountain View, to the southeast and south by Los Altos and Los Altos Hills, to the southwest by Portola Valley, and to the west by Stanford and Menlo Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.8 sqmi. 23.9 sqmi of it is land and 1.9 sqmi (or 7.38%) is water.

The official elevation is 56 ft above sea level, but the city boundaries reach well into the peninsula hills. There are signs denoting the city limits on Skyline Boulevard (highway 35) and the Stevens Canyon trail (San Andreas fault rift zone).

Climate
Typical of the San Francisco Bay Area, Palo Alto has a Mediterranean climate with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Typically, in the warmer months, as the sun goes down, the fog bank flows over the foothills to the west and covers the night sky, thus creating a blanket that helps trap the summer warmth absorbed during the day. Even so, it is rare for the overnight low temperature to exceed 60 °F.

In January, average temperatures range from 38.5 °F to 57.4 °F. In July, average temperatures range from 54.9 °F to 78.4 °F. The record high temperature was 107 °F on June 15, 1961, and the record low temperature was 15 °F on November 17, 2003. Temperatures reach 90 °F or higher on an average of 9.9 days. Temperatures drop to 32 °F or lower on an average of 16.1 days.

Due to the Santa Cruz Mountains to the west, there is a "rain shadow" in Palo Alto, resulting in an average annual rainfall of only 15.32 in. Measurable rainfall occurs on an average of 57 days annually. The wettest year on record was 1983 with 32.51 in and the driest year was 1976 with 7.34 in. The most rainfall in one month was 12.43 in in February 1998 and the most rainfall in one day was 3.75 in on February 3, 1998. Measurable snowfall is very rare in Palo Alto, but 1.5 in fell on January 21, 1962.

Local government
Palo Alto was incorporated in 1894, and in 1909 created, by municipal charter, a local government consisting of a fifteen-member City Council, with responsibilities for various governmental functions delegated to appointed committees. In 1950, the City adopted a Council-manager government. Several appointed committees continue to advise the City Council on specialized issues, such as land use planning, utilities, and libraries, but these committees no longer have direct authority over City staff. Currently, the City Council has only nine members.

The mayor and vice-mayor serve a year at a time, with terms ending in January. General municipal elections are held in November of even-numbered years. Council terms are four years long.

According to one study, in 2015 the city's effective property tax rate of 0.42% was the lowest of the California cities included in the study.

Politics
In the California State Legislature, Palo Alto is in, and in.

In the United States House of Representatives, Palo Alto is in.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Palo Alto had a population of 64,403. The population density was 2,497.5 people per square mile (964.3/km²). The racial makeup of Palo Alto was 41,359 (64.2%) White, 17,461 (27.1%) Asian, 1,197 (1.9%) African American, 121 (0.2%) Native American, 142 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,426 (2.2%) from other races, and 2,697 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,974 persons (6.2%).

The Census reported that 63,820 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 205 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 378 (0.6%) were institutionalized.

There were 26,493 households, out of which 8,624 (32.6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 13,975 (52.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,843 (7.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 659 (2.5%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 979 (3.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 188 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 7,982 households (30.1%) were made up of individuals and 3,285 (12.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41. There were 16,477 families (62.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.04.

The population was spread out with 15,079 people (23.4%) under the age of 18, 3,141 people (4.9%) aged 18 to 24, 17,159 people (26.6%) aged 25 to 44, 18,018 people (28.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,006 people (17.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.

There were 28,216 housing units at an average density of 1,094.2 per square mile (422.5/km²), of which 14,766 (55.7%) were owner-occupied, and 11,727 (44.3%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 39,176 people (60.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 24,644 people (38.3%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 58,598 people, 25,216 households, and 14,600 families residing in the city. The population density was 955.8/km² (2,475.3/mi²). There were 26,048 housing units at an average density of 424.9/km² (1,100.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 75.76% White, 2.02% Black, 0.21% Native American, 17.22% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 1.41% from other races, and 3.24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.65% of the population.

There were 25,216 households, of which 27.2% had resident children under the age of 18, 48.5% were married couples living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.1% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.95.

In the city, the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 32.4% from 25 to 44, 25.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.6 males.

According to a 2007 estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $119,046, and the median income for a family was $153,197. Males had a median income of $91,051 versus $60,202 for females. The per capita income for the city was $56,257. About 3.2% of families and 4.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over.

Housing
Palo Alto, north of Oregon Expressway, is filled with older homes, including Craftsman and California Colonials, some of which date back to the 1890s but most of which were built in the first four decades of the 20th century. South of Oregon Expressway, the homes, including many Joseph Eichler-designed or Eichler-style houses, were primarily built in the first 20 years after World War II.

While the city contains homes that now cost anywhere from $800,000 to well in excess of $40 million, much of Palo Alto's housing stock is in the style of California mid-century middle-class suburbia. It has highly rated public schools (see: Gunn High School and Palo Alto High School), a high quality of life, numerous parks and open space reserves, and a vibrant downtown area. The median home sale price for all of Palo Alto was more than $1.3 million in 2006 and $1,363,000 in July 2009. Palo Alto ranks in as the 5th most expensive city in the United States, with an average home sales price of $1,677,000. In 2010, Palo Alto ranked as the 2nd most expensive city in the United States, with a four-bedroom, two-bathroom home listing for $1.48 million on average. A primary driver of housing market values in Palo Alto is the political climate that is restricting new development in a city with a large jobs-to-housing imbalance and some of the most attractive jobs in the country. In addition, Palo Alto schools test at some of the highest levels in the Bay Area. Palo Alto is by some measures the most expensive college town in the United States. A majority of Stanford students live on campus.

Economy
Palo Alto serves as a central economic focal point of the Silicon Valley, and is home to more than 7,000 businesses employing more than 98,000 people. Many prominent technology firms reside in the Stanford Research Park on Page Mill Road, while nearby Sand Hill Road in the adjacent city of Menlo Park is a notable hub of venture capitalists. The city's economy generally follows the economic trends of the rest of the Silicon Valley. Well-known companies and research facilities headquartered in Palo Alto include:




 * Amazon.com's A9.com
 * Aricent
 * Better Place
 * Bon Appétit Management Company
 * Cloudera
 * CPI International
 * Electric Power Research Institute
 * Hewlett-Packard
 * Houzz
 * IDEO
 * Institute for the Future
 * Mashable
 * Mopay
 * Nanosys
 * Ning
 * PAIX
 * Palantir Technologies
 * Palo Alto Medical Foundation
 * Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
 * Playdom
 * Socialtext
 * Space Systems/Loral
 * Tapulous
 * Tesla
 * Tibco Software
 * Varian Medical Systems
 * VMware
 * Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
 * Xerox

Other notable companies with significant presences in Palo Alto include:


 * Accenture (Former North American HQ. The main HQ now resides in Ireland)
 * AOL Inc.
 * CNF Inc.
 * Dailymotion
 * Infosys
 * Dell
 * Genencor (based in Palo Alto)
 * Groupon
 * IdentityMind Global (based in Palo Alto)
 * Lockheed Martin
 * Slam Content
 * Mercedes-Benz Research and Development North America, Headquarters
 * Merrill Lynch (largest office outside New York)
 * Nokia Research Center
 * Onlive
 * Posedge Inc
 * Rave Wireless (founded in Palo Alto)
 * refund.me Group Inc.
 * SAP SE (North American Labs)
 * Schering-Plough Biopharma
 * Skype (received a LEED Silver certification for its efficient use of resources when compared to conventional buildings)
 * Talygen Business Intelligence (It is the developer of Talygen Business Suite. PC Magazine included the suite in its list of Top Ten Tech Products for Small Biz at CES 2014 in January 2014. )
 * Theranos
 * The Wall Street Journal
 * Wso2

Many nearby Silicon Valley companies, no longer primarily in Palo Alto, were once headquartered and experienced major growth in Palo Alto, including Google (now in Mountain View), Facebook (now in Menlo Park), and PayPal (now in San Jose).

Palo Alto's retail and restaurant trade includes Stanford Shopping Center, an upscale open air shopping center established in 1955, and downtown Palo Alto, centered on University Avenue.

Palo Alto is the location of the first street-level Apple Store, the first Apple mini store, the first West Coast Whole Foods Market store, and the first Victoria's Secret.

Top employers
According to the City's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Utilities
Unlike surrounding communities, the City of Palo Alto provides electric and gas service within city limits, with the minor exception of a rural portion of the city in the hills west of Interstate 280, past the Country Club, which does not receive gas from the City.

Water and Gas Services (WGS) operates gas and water distribution networks within the city limits. PG&E does not serve customers within CPA limits. The city operates both gas meters and the distribution pipelines. Water comes from city-operated watershed and wells and the City and County of San Francisco Hetch Hetchy system. The city is located in Santa Clara Valley Water District, North Zone. Hetch Hetchy pipeline #3 and #4 pass through the city.

The city operates its own electric power distribution network and telemetry cable network. Interconnection points tie the city into PG&E's electric transmission system, which brings power from several sources to the city. A claim to fame is the city's exemption from rolling blackouts during the summer 2000 power shortages. Palo Alto is a member of a joint powers authority (the Northern California Power Agency), which cooperatively generates electricity for government power providers such as the City of Santa Clara, the City of Redding, and the Port of Oakland. Roughly the same group of entities operate the Transmission Agency of Northern California (TANC). TANC transports power over its own lines from as far as British Columbia through an interconnection with the federal Bonneville Power Administration. A local oddity is a series of joint poles; those primary conductor cross arms are marked PGE and CPA (City of Palo Alto) to identify each utility's side of the shared cross arms.

Palo Alto has an ongoing community debate about the city providing fiber optic connectivity to all residences. A series of pilot programs have been proposed. One proposal called for the city to install dark fiber, which would be made live by a contractor.

Services traditionally attributed to a cable television provider were sold to a regulated commercial concern. Previously the cable system was operated by a cooperative called Palo Alto Cable Coop.

The former Regional Bell Operating Company in Palo Alto was Pacific Telephone, now called AT&T Inc., and previously called SBC and Pacific Bell. One of the earliest central office facilities switching Palo Alto calls is the historic Davenport central office (CO) at 529 Bryant Street. The building was sold and is now the home of the Palo Alto Internet Exchange. The former CO building is marked by a bronze plaque and is located on the north side of Bryant Street between University Avenue and Hamilton Avenue. It was called Davenport after the exchange name at the introduction of dial telephone service in Palo Alto. For example, modern numbers starting with 325- were Davenport 5 in the 1950s and '60s. The Step-by-Step office was scrapped and replaced by stored-program-controlled equipment at a different location about 1980. Stanford calls ran on a Step-by-Step Western Electric 701 PBX until the university purchased its own switch about 1980. It had the older, traditional Bell System 600 Hz+120 Hz dial tone. The old 497-number PBX, MDF, and battery string were housed in a steel building at 333 Bonair Siding. From 1950s to 1980s, the bulk of Palo Alto calls were switched on Number 5 Crossbar systems. By the mid-1980s, these electromechanical systems had been junked. Under the Bell System's regulated monopoly, local coin telephone calls were ten cents until the early 1980s.

During the drought of the early 1990s, Palo Alto employed water waste patrol officers to enforce water saving regulations. The team, called "Gush Busters", patrolled city streets looking for broken water pipes and poorly managed irrigation systems. Regulations were set to stop restaurants from habitually serving water, run off from irrigation and irrigation during the day. The main goal of the team was to educate the public in ways to save water. Citations consisted of Friendly Reminder post cards and more formal notices. To help promote the conservation message, the team only used bicycles and mopeds.

Fire and police departments


The city was among the first in Santa Clara County to offer advanced life support (ALS) paramedic-level (EMT-P) ambulance service. In an arrangement predating countywide paramedic service, Palo Alto Fire operates two paramedic ambulances which are theoretically shared with county EMS assets. The Palo Alto Fire Department is currently the only fire department in Santa Clara County that routinely transports patients. Rural Metro holds the Santa Clara County 911 contract and provides transportation in other cities. Enhanced 9-1-1 arrived in about 1980 and included the then-new ability to report emergencies from coin telephones without using a coin. Palo Alto Fire also provides service to the Stanford University campus.

The police station was originally housed in a stone building at 450 Bryant St. Still engraved with the words Police Court, the building is now a senior citizen center. The police are now headquartered in the City Hall high rise. The department has just under 100 sworn officers ranking supplemented by approximately ten reserve Officers and professional staff who support the police department and the animal services organization.

Public schools
The Palo Alto Unified School District provides public education for most of Palo Alto. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, Palo Alto has a student-teacher ratio of 14.9, much lower than some surrounding communities. Juana Briones Elementary has a student/teacher ratio of 14.4. The school board meets at 7 p.m. the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the month; the meetings are open to the public and city cast live on Channel 28 which is operated by the Mid-peninsula Community Media Center in Palo Alto which is affiliated with the Alliance for Community Media. ACM represents the over 2000 PEG channels in the US. Government-access television (GATV) Cable TV. Palo Alto students attend one of two high schools, Gunn High School or Palo Alto High School. There are also 3 middle schools, J.L.S., Jordan, and Terman.

The Los Altos School District and Mountain View-Los Altos Union High School District provide public education for the Monroe neighborhood portion of Palo Alto off El Camino Real south of Adobe Creek.

Private schools

 * Bowman International School – a K-8 school founded in 1995 which emphasizes learning about different cultures.
 * Castilleja School – an all-girls' college preparatory school for grades 6–12 founded in 1907.
 * Challenger School – a K-8 School with an emphasis on academics early
 * Esther B. Clark School – a school for children ages seven to 16 struggling with anxiety, depression or other emotional and behavioral challenges
 * Gideon Hausner Jewish Day School – a K-8 Jewish day school; school's name changed from Mid-Peninsula Jewish Community Day School (MPJCDS)
 * The Girls' Middle School – an independent, all-girls day school for students in sixth, seventh, and eighth grade
 * International School of the Peninsula – a Nursery-8 bilingual immersion school with two Palo Alto campuses. Offers two Nursery – 5 programs: Chinese-English and French-English, and an international middle school. Established in 1979.
 * Kehillah Jewish High School – a new preparatory high school with both secular and Jewish studies
 * Keys School – a co-ed, independent K-8 school focused on learning for life.
 * Meira Academy – A Orthodox Jewish all-girls high school, opened in the fall of 2011.
 * Palo Alto Montessori School – an accredited preschool which has been educating 2- to 5-year-olds since 1977.
 * Sand Hill School-a K-7 school for children with language-based learning differences like dyslexia
 * St Elizabeth Seton Catholic School – a Catholic school for preschool through eighth grade located in Palo Alto though mostly serving low-income children living in East Palo Alto, Redwood City, and Menlo Park.
 * Stratford School – a K-5 school focused on all round development

Weekend schools

 * Grossman Academy Japanese Language School (グロスマン・アカデミー Gurosuman Akademī), a Japanese weekend educational program, holds its classes in Cubberly Community Center in Palo Alto. Even though the classes are held in Palo Alto, the school office is in Fremont.
 * Palo Alto Chinese School – oldest Chinese school in Bay Area

Libraries
The Palo Alto City Library has five branches, with a total of 265,000 items in their collections. The library's mission is to enable people to explore library resources to enrich their lives with knowledge, information, and enjoyment. For Palo Alto library card holders, the main library web page also offers links to primary source databases with collections of magazine, newspaper, and other print articles. The Palo Alto City Library is also a member of the Northern California Digital Library, which allows card holders to browse and download the digital resources made available. Library cards are freely available for California residents. The Mitchell Park Library, the largest one in Palo Alto, was under construction beginning in 2010, but reopened in December 2014.

Media
The Palo Alto Daily Post publishes six days a week. Palo Alto Daily News, a unit of the San Jose Mercury News, publishes 5 days a week. Palo Alto Weekly is published Fridays. Palo Alto Times, a daily newspaper served Palo Alto and neighboring cities beginning in 1894. In 1979 it became the Peninsula Times Tribune. The newspaper ceased publication in 1993.

KDOW 1220 AM began broadcasting in 1949 as KIBE; it later became KDFC, simulcasting classical KDFC-FM. As KDOW it broadcasts a business news format. The transmitter is in East Palo Alto near the western approach to Dumbarton Bridge with power of 5,000 watts daytime and 145 watts nighttime.

The Midpeninsula Community Media Center provides public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable tv channels 26, 28, 29, 30 and 75.

Among other programs, Palo Alto Institute runs a unique film festival, the Palo Alto International Film Festival, that focuses on the ways in which new technologies influence and are influenced by artistic revolution in media.

The movie Palo Alto (2007) was filmed in the town and many landmarks can be seen in the background but the plot could be centered in any smaller town or city.

Roads
Palo Alto is served by two major freeways, Highway 101, and Interstate 280, and is traversed by the Peninsula's main north-south boulevard, El Camino Real (SR 82). The city is also served indirectly by State Route 84 which traverses the Dumbarton Bridge to the north.

There are no parking meters in Palo Alto, and all municipal parking lots and multi-level parking structures are free (limited to two or three hours any weekday 8am–5pm). Downtown Palo Alto has recently added many new lots to fill the overflow of vehicles.

Air
Palo Alto is served by Palo Alto Airport of Santa Clara County (KPAO), one of the busiest single-runway general aviation airports in the country. It is used by many daily commuters who fly (usually in private single-engine aircraft) from their homes in the Central Valley to work in the Palo Alto area. Major airlines offer service at San Francisco International Airport (SFO), about 21 mi north, and San Jose International Airport (SJC), about 15 mi southeast.

Rail
Train service is available via Caltrain with service between San Francisco and San Jose and extending to Gilroy. Caltrain has two regular stops in Palo Alto, the main one at the Palo Alto Station in downtown Palo Alto (local and express) and the other at California Avenue (local only). A third, the Stanford station, located beside Alma Street at Embarcadero Road, is used to provide special services for occasional sports events (generally football) at Stanford Stadium. The main Palo Alto stop is the second most popular (behind 4th and King in San Francisco) on Caltrain's entire line.

Bus
The Palo Alto Transit Center adjacent to the Palo Alto Train Station is the major bus hub for northern Santa Clara county. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) provides primary bus service through Palo Alto with service to the south bay and Silicon Valley. San Mateo County Transit District (SamTrans) provides service to San Mateo County to the north but some lines include the Palo Alto Transit Center. The Stanford University Free Shuttle (Marguerite) provides a supplementary bus service between Stanford University and the Palo Alto Transit Center, and the Palo Alto Free Shuttle (Crosstown and Embarcadero), which circulates frequently, and provides service to major points in Palo Alto, including the main library, downtown, the Municipal Golf Course, the Palo Alto Transit Center, and both high schools.

Cycling
Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in Palo Alto. 9.5% of residents bicycle to work, the highest percentage of any city in the Bay Area, and third-highest in the United States, after Davis, California and Boulder, Colorado. Since 2003, Palo Alto has received a Bicycle Friendly Community status of "Gold" from the League of American Bicyclists. It is also the birthplace and home of Bike Arc.





The city's flat terrain and many quiet tree-shaded residential streets offer comfort and safety to cyclists, and the temperate climate makes year-round cycling convenient. Palo Alto pioneered the bicycle boulevard concept in the early 1980s, enhancing residential Bryant Street to prioritize it for cyclists by removing stop signs, providing special traffic signals, and installing traffic diverters, and a bicycle/pedestrian bridge over Matadero Creek. However, busy arterial streets which often offer the fastest and most direct route to many destinations, are dangerous for cyclists due to high volumes of fast-moving traffic and the lack of bicycle lanes. El Camino Real, Alma Street, and Embarcadero and Middlefield roads, all identified as "high priorities" for adding bicycle lanes to improve safety by the 2003 Palo Alto Bicycle Transportation Plan, still contain no provisions for cyclists.

The Palo Alto Police Department decided to stop using tasers to detain bicyclists after a 2012 incident in which a 16-year-old boy, who had bicycled through a stop sign, was injured after police officers pursued him, fired a taser at him and suddenly braked their patrol car in front of him, causing the boy to crash.

Walking
Conditions for walking are excellent in Palo Alto except for crossing high-volume arterial streets such as El Camino Real and Oregon Expressway. Sidewalks are available on nearly every city street, with the notable exception of the Barron Park neighborhood, which was the last to be incorporated into the city. Palo Alto's street grid is well-connected with few dead-end streets, especially in the city's older northern neighborhoods. An extensive urban forest, which is protected by the city's municipal code, provides shade and visual diversity, and slows motor vehicle traffic. 4.8% of residents walk to work.

Sister cities

 * 🇫🇷 Albi, Tarn, Occitanie, France, since 1994
 * 🇸🇪 Linköping, Sweden, since 1987
 * 🇲🇽 Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, since 1964
 * Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands, since 1980
 * Palo, Philippines, since 1963
 * 🇯🇵 Tsuchiura, Japan, since 2009

In 1989, Palo Alto received a gift of a large, whimsical wooden sculpture called Foreign Friends (Fjärran Vänner)—of a man, woman, dog and bird sitting on a park bench—from Linköping. The sculpture was praised by some, called "grotesque" by others, and became a lightning rod for vandals. It was covered with a large addressed postcard marked "Return to Sender." A former Stanford University professor was arrested for attempting to light it on fire. It was doused with paint. When the original heads were decapitated on Halloween, 1993, the statue became a shrine—flowers bouquets and cards were placed upon it. Following an anonymous donation, the heads were restored. Within weeks, the restored heads were decapitated again, this time disappearing. The heads were eventually replaced with new ones, which generated even more distaste, as many deemed the new heads even less attractive. A few months later, the man's arm was chopped off, the woman's lap was vandalized, the bird was stolen, and the replacements heads were decapitated and stolen. The sculpture was removed from its location on Embarcadero Road and Waverley Avenue in 1995, dismantled, and placed in storage until it was destroyed in 2000. Ironically, the statue was designed not as a lasting work of art, but as something to be climbed on with a lifespan of 10 to 25 years.

Notable buildings and other points of interest

 * Arastradero Preserve
 * Digital DNA, egg-shaped sculpture downtown
 * Elizabeth Gamble Garden
 * Frenchman's tower


 * Former Community House in MacArthur Park at the intersection of University Avenue and El Camino Real; designed by Julia Morgan for the YWCA but first used as a social centre in Camp Fremont, Menlo Park during World War I; now a restaurant
 * Institute of Transpersonal Psychology
 * Lou Henry Hoover Girl Scout House
 * Mental Research Institute (MRI)
 * Packard's garage
 * Palo Alto Art Center
 * Palo Alto Airport, off Embarcadero East, is surrounded by numerous flying schools, and is a convenient bay area location to learn flying.
 * Palo Alto Foothills Park
 * Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve
 * Palo Alto University
 * Palo Alto Farmers Market
 * Printers Inc. Bookstore, now defunct, was a landmark independent bookstore on California Ave. and was referenced in Vikram Seth's novel, The Golden Gate. It closed in 2001.
 * Stanford Shopping Center
 * University Avenue (Downtown Palo Alto)
 * Palo Alto Varsity Theater
 * Stanford Terrace Inn formerly Tiki Inn Motel
 * Stanford Theatre
 * Saint Thomas Aquinas Parish

Artists and entertainers

 * William Ackerman, acoustic guitarist, founded influential New Age record label Windham Hill Records
 * Joan Baez, folk singer went to school in Palo Alto and now resides in Woodside, California.
 * Doug Clifford, drummer of Creedence Clearwater Revival
 * Margo Davis, photographer
 * The Grateful Dead, rock "jam" band; early incarnations of band were based in Palo Alto.
 * The Donnas, rock group, met while growing up in Palo Alto
 * Helen Katharine Forbes, muralist and painter
 * Dave Franco, actor
 * James Franco, actor, director, screenwriter, producer, artist, author, was born in Palo Alto
 * Neva Gerber, silent screen actress, moved to Palo Alto after she married San Francisco oil geologist Edward F. Nolan
 * Charles Haid, actor and director, Hill Street Blues, Palo Alto High alumnus
 * Teri Hatcher, actress known for Desperate Housewives and Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, was born in Palo Alto
 * Amy Irving, actress known for Crossing Delancey and Yentl was born in Palo Alto
 * Željko Ivanek, actor, 24, Damages, Madam Secretary, Cubberley High alumnus
 * Stephan Jenkins, rock musician (Third Eye Blind)
 * Ugly Kid Joe, rock band; members Whitfield Crane and Klaus Eichstadt grew up in Palo Alto, as did producer Eric Valentine
 * Ollie Johnston, Academy Award–winning Disney animator (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia)
 * Ellen K, radio personality
 * The Kingston Trio, a folk group formed in Palo Alto while its members were enrolled at Stanford University and nearby Menlo College
 * Brandis Kemp, actress (Fridays)
 * Shemar Moore, actor
 * Yvonne Rainer, modern dancer and filmmaker
 * Michael H. Riley, Emmy Award-nominated motion graphics designer and art director
 * Rick Rossovich, actor, Top Gun, Roxanne, The Terminator
 * Grace Slick, singer with the rock group Jefferson Airplane, later known as Jefferson Starship
 * Alessandra Torresani, actress

Business leaders and entrepreneurs

 * Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google
 * Tim Cook, CEO of Apple Inc.
 * Debbi Fields, founder of Mrs. Fields Bakeries
 * David Filo, co-founder of Yahoo! Inc.
 * Jack Herrick, founder of wikiHow
 * William Hewlett, deceased co-founder of technology company Hewlett-Packard; buried at Alta Mesa Cemetery in Palo Alto
 * Elizabeth Holmes, founder and CEO of Theranos
 * Mark Hurd, CEO of Oracle Corporation, past chairman, chief executive officer, and President of Hewlett-Packard
 * Steve Jobs, deceased co-founder of Apple Inc.; lived in Palo Alto 1980–2011; buried at Alta Mesa Cemetery in Palo Alto
 * Jawed Karim, co-founder of YouTube
 * Marissa Mayer, CEO and president of Yahoo!, former vice president of search products & user experience at Google
 * Elon Musk, CEO of TESLA Motors, SpaceX, chairman of SolarCity, former PayPal chairman, dropped out of the Ph.D program at Stanford University
 * Merrill Newman, retired tech CEO, 85-year-old Channing House resident, Korean War veteran
 * David Packard, deceased co-founder of technology company Hewlett-Packard; buried at Alta Mesa Cemetery in Palo Alto
 * Larry Page, co-founder and CEO of Google, was a graduate student at Stanford
 * Vishal Sikka, CEO of Infosys
 * Owen Van Natta, COO of Facebook, CEO of Myspace, COO of Zynga
 * Romesh Wadhwani, founder and chairman of Symphony Technology Group
 * Jerry Yang, co-founder and former CEO of Yahoo! Inc.
 * Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and CEO of Facebook.

Politicians and civil servants

 * Ron Christie, former advisor to Vice President Dick Cheney and political pundit
 * Jerry Daniels, CIA officer in Laos during the Vietnam War
 * Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States
 * Jon Huntsman, Jr., former governor of Utah and U.S Ambassador to China
 * Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State
 * Thomas T. Riley, former U.S. Ambassador to Morocco
 * Manabendra Nath Roy, Indian nationalist and revolutionary
 * Ron Wyden, US Senator

Writers

 * David M. Alexander, science-fiction and crime novelist, attorney
 * Erle Stanley Gardner, crime novelist, creator of Perry Mason
 * Marty Klein, (born 1950) is an American sex therapist, author, educator and public policy analyst.
 * Michael Lederer, author
 * Julia Flynn Siler, journalist and nonfiction author
 * Andrea U'Ren, children's book author and illustrator
 * Tad Williams, New York Times best-selling author
 * Yvor Winters, poet, known as the "Sage of Palo Alto"

Scientists

 * Richard R. Ernst, Nobel laureate in chemistry, worked at Varian Associates in Palo Alto
 * Michio Kaku, theoretical physicist, author, college professor. Attended Cubberly High School and while there built an atom smasher in his parents' garage.
 * Brian Kobilka, Nobel laureate in chemistry, lives in Palo ALto
 * Pamela Melroy, astronaut, second woman to command a space shuttle mission
 * Perley Ason Ross, physicist who worked on essential problems in the behaviour of X-rays
 * Robert Spinrad (1932–2009), computer pioneer as director of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center.
 * William Shockley, Nobel laureate in physics and eugenicist
 * Gene F. Franklin, control engineer and NASA scientist.

Athletes

 * Matt Biondi, swimmer, won a total of 11 Olympic medals (8 gold), born in Palo Alto
 * Jim Harbaugh, football player, head coach of Stanford, the San Francisco 49ers and Michigan
 * Charles Wright, professional wrestler, formerly working for WWE as Papa Shango and The Godfather
 * Tony Hargain, NFL player
 * Phil Hellmuth, professional poker player, regarded as one of the best holds a record of 14 WSOP bracelets with total earnings of more than 20 million to date
 * Katie Hoff, Olympic swimmer, Palo Alto native
 * Adam Juratovac, Professional Football player, Arena Bowl XXIII Champion, Alumnus of Gunn High School
 * Dana Kirk, Olympic swimmer, coaches for Palo Alto Stanford Aquatics
 * Tara Kirk, swam with Palo Alto Stanford Aquatics, Olympic swimmer, American record holder in 100 and 200 yd breaststroke
 * Francie Larrieu-Smith, long-distance runner, first female athlete to make five Olympic teams, born in Palo Alto
 * Jeremy Lin, basketball player for the NBA's Brooklyn Nets, alumnus of Palo Alto High School
 * Jim Loscutoff, basketball player who won seven NBA championships with Boston Celtics
 * Don MacLean, UCLA and NBA basketball player
 * Joc Pederson, baseball player for Los Angeles Dodgers
 * Dan Petry, pitcher for 1984 World Series champion Detroit Tigers, born in Palo Alto
 * Tim Rossovich, professional football player
 * Dave Schultz, Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling, subject of film Foxcatcher
 * Mark Schultz, Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling, subject of film Foxcatcher
 * Pop Warner (early football player & coach) head coach 8 colleges including Stanford University (1924–1932), lived and died Palo Alto died (83) September 7, 1954 resided 251 Madrono Ave.
 * Steve Young, former professional football player for the San Francisco 49ers and NFL Hall of Famer.

Class-action lawsuit against battery makers
Palo Alto was the first city in California to participate in a class action lawsuit against major batteries producers, and currently serves as a representative for various cities and public entities across the state. The lawsuit was filed against global manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries, including Panasonic, LG Chem, Sony, Hitachi and Sanyo. The companies were accused of unfair business practices. They were alleged to have fixed prices of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly used in laptops, smartphones and GPS devices, and Palo Alto has purchased a lot of such devices. Palo Alto's case will be consolidated with many others brought against the batteries producers in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The companies are also facing at least 10 lawsuits in New Jersey. The city is represented by Rene Sloan Holtzman & Sakai, LLP, and Green & Noblin, P.C.