Curly Top (film)

Curly Top is a 1935 American musical drama film directed by Irving Cummings. The screenplay by Patterson McNutt and Arthur J. Beckhard focuses on the adoption of a young orphan (Shirley Temple) by a wealthy bachelor (John Boles) and his romantic attraction to her older sister (Rochelle Hudson).

Together with The Littlest Rebel, another Temple vehicle, the film was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by Variety. The film's musical numbers include "Animal Crackers in My Soup" and "When I Grow Up".

This film was the first of four films that Shirley Temple and Arthur Treacher appeared in together; others were Stowaway (1936), Heidi (1937), and The Little Princess (1939).

Plot
Young Elizabeth Blair (Shirley Temple) lives at the Lakeside Orphanage, a dreary, regimented place supervised by two decent but dour women. Her older sister Mary (Rochelle Hudson) works in the kitchen, laundry, and dormitory. Elizabeth is a sweet child but her high spirits and creative imagination often lead her into trouble with the superintendent; such as one night when she snuck in her pet horse Spunky into the children's bedroom.

When the trustees descend on the orphanage for a tour of inspection, Elizabeth is caught playfully mimicking the head trustee and is threatened with being sent to a public institution. Young, rich, handsome trustee Edward Morgan (John Boles) intervenes. He takes a liking to Elizabeth and, in a private interview with the child, learns that most of her life has been spent obsequiously expressing her gratitude for every mouthful that has fallen her way. He adopts her but, not wanting to curb Elizabeth's spirit by making her feel slavishly obligated to him for every kindness, he tells her a fictitious "Hiram Jones" is her benefactor and he is simply acting on Jones's behalf as his lawyer. He nicknames her "Curly Top." Meanwhile, he has met and fallen in love with Elizabeth's sister Mary but will not admit it.

Elizabeth and Mary leave the orphanage and take up residence in Morgan's luxurious Southampton beach house. His kindly aunt, Genevieve Graham (Esther Dale), and his very proper butler Reynolds (Arthur Treacher) are charmed by the two. Elizabeth has everything a child could want including a pony cart and silk pajamas.

Mary secretly loves Morgan but, believing he has no romantic interest in her, she accepts an offer of marriage from young Navy pilot Jimmie Rogers (Maurice Murphy). Morgan is taken aback but offers his congratulations. Hours later, Mary ends the engagement when she realizes she doesn't truly love Jimmie. Morgan then declares his love, reveals he is the fictitious "Hiram Jones", and plans marriage and a long honeymoon in Europe with Mary.

Cast

 * Shirley Temple as Elizabeth Blair
 * John Boles as Edward Morgan
 * Rochelle Hudson as Mary Blair, Elizabeth's sister
 * Esther Dale as Genevieve Graham, Morgan's aunt
 * Arthur Treacher as Reynolds, Morgan's English butler
 * Jane Darwell as Mrs. Henrietta Denham, a heavy-set, elderly matron at the Lakeside Orphanage
 * Rafaela Ottiano as Mrs. Higgins, the severe, thin-lipped superintendent of the Lakeside Orphanage
 * Etienne Girardot as James Wyckoff, a stern, elderly, penny-pinching trustee of the Lakeside Orphanage and the manufacturer of Wyckoff's Cough Mixture
 * Maurice Murphy as Jimmie Rogers

Production
Curly Top was filmed in May and June 1935 and released on July 26. It was based on Jean Webster's 1912 novel Daddy-Long-Legs and was one of four Temple remakes of Mary Pickford films.

Temple's mother coached her daughter on the set and at home. Director Cummings noted that Temple's mother was thorough, teaching her daughter her dialogue and how to say her lines, what facial expressions to use, and how to walk, sit, stand, and run. According to Cummings, Mrs. Temple was "much more Shirley's director than I am", and that there was very little left for him to do when Temple arrived on the set.

In the scene where Boles is singing "It's All So New to Me", Temple appeared as a naked cupid painted from head to toe in gilt paint. However, the scene had to be completed rapidly, before the paint clogged the pores of her skin.

As a souvenir, Temple received the film's doll house with hooked rugs on its parquet floors, chintz curtains at its windows, crisp sheets on its beds, fake food in its refrigerator, bric-a-brac on its tiny tabletops, books on its shelves, and its toilet with a working lid. Every drawer and every door in the doll house opened. It was kept in Temple's cottage bedroom on her parents' estate and displayed for child visitors.

Production
Ray Henderson composed the five songs for Curly Top. Johnny Mercer wanted to write the lyrics but the job went to Ted Koehler, a former partner of Harold Arlen. Edward Heyman and Irving Caesar also wrote lyrics for the film.

With the exception of "When I Grow Up", the film's songs are introduced in the film through the device of having characters Mary Blair and Edward Morgan sideline as composers. In an early scene in the orphanage dining room, for example, Mary tells Morgan she composed "Animal Crackers in My Soup", and in another scene, Morgan composes and sings "It's All So New to Me" at his piano. At the Gala, Mary sings "The Simple Things in Life", a tune presumably composed by Morgan as he mentioned at one early point in the film that he would likely do so. At the end of the film, he sings his newly composed "Curly Top" to Elizabeth as she sits, then tap dances, atop his grand piano.

Reception
"Animal Crackers in My Soup" and "When I Grow Up" became hits in their own right, selling thousands of sheet music copies and placing Shirley on the charts in the company of musical superstars Bing Crosby, Nelson Eddy, and Alice Faye.

Critical responses
Andre Sennwald of The New York Times said of the film, "So shameless is it in its optimism, so grimly determined to be cheerful, that it ought to cause an epidemic of axe murders and grandmother beatings […] Shirley herself, far from showing signs of deterioration or overwork in Curly Top, actually hints in her work at an increased maturity of technique. Her remarkable sense of timing has never been revealed more plainly than in the song and dance scenes in her new film, and she plays her straightforward dramatic scenes with the assurance and precision of a veteran actress. With all this, she has lost none of her native freshness and charm." He thought the film "completely bearable" with "all that studious devotion to the banal which assures it of an enthusiastic reception with the family trade." Variety reported that it had "plenty for almost every type of audience." Film Daily said it was "Ranking with the best of the Shirley Temple pictures", adding, "The story and characters as a group are among the most likeable that have yet surrounded Shirley, while comedy and pleasing musical numbers are nicely sprinkled among the human interest." "Miss Temple achieves a success", wrote John Mosher in The New Yorker. "I imagine that her performance is such that mothers will claim no other children, except their own, could do anything like it."

The film was greeted with a "tidal wave" of popularity upon release, and its banal plot was nothing more than a tribute to the conspicuous consumption practiced by the few remaining rich of the Great Depression. The film opens with an almost minute-long closeup of Temple, and, in doing so, "all pretense that Shirley Temple movies were about anything, or indeed anything more than a vehicle for her adorableness was abandoned.

Curly Top was banned in Denmark for "unspecified corruption", but in China, Madame Chiang Kai-shek requested repeat private screenings. The film was one of the last Fox films released before the studio became 20th Century Fox.

Accolades
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 * 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
 * "Animal Crackers in My Soup" – Nominated