Greenwich, Connecticut

Greenwich is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a total population of 61,171. It is the 10th largest municipality in Connecticut.

The largest town on Connecticut's Gold Coast, Greenwich is home to many hedge funds and other financial service firms. Greenwich is the southernmost and westernmost municipality in Connecticut as well as in the six-state region of New England. It is roughly 40 to 60 minutes by train from Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan. CNN/Money and Money magazine ranked Greenwich 12th on its list of the "100 Best Places to Live in the United States" in 2005. The town is named after Greenwich, a Royal borough of London in the United Kingdom.

History


The town of Greenwich was settled in 1640. One of the founders was Elizabeth Fones Winthrop, daughter-in-law of John Winthrop, founder and Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What is now called Greenwich Point was known for much of the area's early history as "Elizabeth's Neck" in recognition of Elizabeth Fones and their 1640 purchase of the Point and much of the area now known as Old Greenwich. Greenwich was declared a township by the General Assembly in Hartford on May 11, 1665.

During the American Revolution, General Israel Putnam made a daring escape from the British on February 26, 1779. Although British forces pillaged the town, Putnam was able to warn Stamford.

In 1974, Gulliver's Restaurant and Bar, on the border of Greenwich and Port Chester, burned, killing 24 young people.

In 1983, the Mianus River Bridge, which carries traffic on Interstate 95 over an estuary, collapsed, resulting in the death of three people.

For many years, Greenwich Point (locally termed "Tod's Point"), was open only to town residents and their guests. However, a lawyer sued, saying his rights to freedom of assembly were threatened because he was not allowed to go there. The lower courts disagreed, but the Supreme Court of Connecticut agreed, and Greenwich was forced to amend its beach access policy to all four beaches in 2001. These beaches include Greenwich Point Park, Island Beach, Great Captain Island, and Byram Park.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 67.2 sqmi, of which 47.8 sqmi is land and 19.4 sqmi, or 28.88%, is water. In terms of area, Greenwich is twice the size of Manhattan. The town is bordered to the west and north by Westchester County, New York, to the east by the city of Stamford, and faces the Village of Bayville to the south across the Long Island Sound. Travelling due east from Greenwich, you eventually hit Long Island at its extremity. Therefore, Greenwich is in a geographically exceptional position, being in a sense surrounded by New York.

Neighborhoods and sections
The Census Bureau recognizes seven CDPs within the town: Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Old Greenwich, Pemberwick, Riverside, and a "Greenwich" CDP covering a portion of town. The USPS lists separate zip codes for Greenwich, Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside. Additionally, Greenwich is often further divided into several smaller, unofficial neighborhoods. Longtime residents have a fierce loyalty and superior opinion of their particular neighborhood.

The Hispanic population is concentrated in the southwestern corner of the town. In 2011, numerous neighborhoods were voted by the Business Insider as being the richest neighborhoods in America.


 * Back Country
 * Banksville (Connecticut side)
 * Belle Haven
 * Bruce Park
 * Byram
 * Chickahominy
 * Cos Cob
 * Edgewood
 * Fourth Ward (Fourth Ward Historic District)
 * Glenville
 * Downtown/Central Greenwich
 * Greenwich Cove
 * Holly Hill
 * Mianus
 * Mid-Country
 * Milbank
 * Milbrook
 * Municipal Center District
 * North Mianus
 * North Street (refers to the neighborhood surrounding North Street)
 * Old Greenwich (Sound Beach)
 * Palmer Hill
 * Pemberwick
 * Pine Hill
 * Riverbank
 * Riverside
 * Riversville
 * Rock Ridge
 * Round Hill
 * Stanwich

Notable locations

 * Byram, Cos Cob, Greenwich, Old Greenwich, and Riverside each have their own ZIP Codes and with the exception of Byram, each has a Metro North station.
 * American Lane (in the extreme western corner of Greenwich) is separated by Interstate 684 from the entire rest of Connecticut and can be reached only from New York State.
 * Round Hill, with an elevation of more than 550 ft, was a lookout point for the Continental Army during the American Revolution. The Manhattan skyline is visible from the top of the hill.

Historical Sites

 * Bush-Holley House
 * Putnam Cottage
 * Thomas Lyon House

Islands
Calf Island, a 29 acre island about 3000 ft from the Byram shore in Greenwich, is open for visitors, although as of the summer of 2006 it was getting relatively few of them.

More than half of the island (on the west side) is a bird sanctuary off-limits to members of the public without permission to visit. The island is available for overnight stays for those with permits, otherwise the east side is open from dawn till dusk.

Great Captain Island is also off the coast of Greenwich, and is the southernmost point in Connecticut. There is a Coast Guard lighthouse on this island, as well as a designated area as a bird sanctuary. The lighthouse is a Skeletal Tower.

Island Beach or "Little Captain Island" once was the venue for the town's annual Island Beach Day. Ventriloquist Paul Winchell and his dummy, Jerry Mahoney, once came for a show, and on another occasion the National Guard let adults and children fire machine guns into the water, according to an article in the Greenwich Time.

Island Beach has changed over the decades. The bathhouse once on the island's eastern shore is gone, and erosion is slowly eating away at the beaches themselves.

Climate
Greenwich experiences a humid continental climate; however, it is quite close to a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa). During winter storms, it is common for the area north of the Merritt Parkway to receive significantly heavier snowfall than the area closer to the coast, due to the moderating influence of Long Island Sound.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 61,101 people, 23,230 households, and 16,237 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,277.6 people per square mile (493.2/km²). There were 24,511 housing units at an average density of 512.5 per square mile (197.9/km²). As of the census of 2013, the racial makeup of the town was 80.90% White, 4.90% African American (U.S. Census) Black American, 0.10% Native American, 7.80% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, and 2.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.90% of the population.

There were 23,230 households out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the town the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 25.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $124,958, and the median income for a family was $167,825. Males had a median income of $95,085 versus $47,806 for females. The per capita income for the town was $92,759 per 2010 census. About 2.5% of families and 4.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

Wealth
Greenwich is the wealthiest town in Connecticut with an Adjusted Equalized Net Grand List per Capita (AENGLC) of $679,857.09. The AENGLC is a combination of both the property tax base per person and income per person. This is a measure of the personal wealth of individual residents, considering their real estate and income. Darien is second with $567,716.62, and New Canaan third at $563,919.93. The median price for a single-family home in town was $1.7 million in 2006, when about 140 properties sold for $5 million or more, according to Prudential Connecticut Realty. In 2007, the highest asking prices for residential property in town were $39.5 million for the 76 acre estate of actor Mel Gibson on Old Mill Road, $19.7 million for a 13000 sqft mansion on 8.7 acre with a private lake, and $38 million for an estate with formal gardens and a greenhouse the size of a cottage.

Economy
Companies in Greenwich include:
 * AQR Capital
 * Blue Harbour Group, investment firm
 * Blue Sky Studios, animation studio.
 * Blyth, Inc., the United States' largest candlemaker.
 * Cambridge Solutions, global outsourcing firm.
 * First Reserve Corporation, a private equity firm.
 * Interactive Brokers
 * Nestlé Waters North America
 * North Street Capital, private equity and hedge fund.
 * Silver Point Capital, hedge fund.
 * Viking Global Investors, hedge fund.
 * W. R. Berkley, a holding company for subsidiaries that sell property-casualty insurance.

Top employers
According to Greenwich's 2011 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the town are:

Arts and culture

 * Greenwich is home to the Greenwich International Film Festival, which acts in coordination with nonprofits to promote socially conscious filmmaking in the city's downtown in an annual June festival, in addition to screenings and events held year-round.
 * The Greenwich Symphony Orchestra begun in 1958 as the Greenwich Philharmonia, it became fully professional by 1967.
 * The Greenwich Choral Society, founded in 1925, performs locally and elsewhere, including in New York City and Europe.
 * The Greenwich post office contains a mural, The Packet Sails from Greenwich Green, painted in 1939 by Victoria Hutson Huntley.
 * The Bruce Museum is a town-owned institution with sections devoted to art and natural history.
 * The Greenwich Arts Council.
 * Putnam Cottage (Knapp Tavern) historic house museum.
 * Old Greenwich Riverside Community Center.
 * Acacia Lodge No. 85, Ancient, Free & Accepted Masons. Founded in 1857 in the top level of the old Cos Cob School House. Its members were originally of Union Lodge No. 5, founded 1763, and though its "home base" was Stamford, it was given the jurisdiction of "Stamford, Horseneck and parts adjacent." Union Lodge often met in Greenwich, and the first recorded meeting place was Knapp's Tavern on the King's Highway.

Recreation
The Greenwich Y.M.C.A. and Greenwich Y.W.C.A offer fitness and social services.

Arch Street, The Greenwich Teen Center has age-specific programs and events on weekdays and weekends.

Parks and Beaches
The town has four beaches on Long Island Sound:
 * Greenwich Point
 * Byram Beach
 * Island Beach (Little Captain's Island)
 * Great Captain Island

The town also has several public parks:
 * Bruce Park
 * Binney Park
 * Roger Sherman Baldwin Park
 * Pomerance Park
 * Cos Cob Park
 * Mianus River State Park
 * Rosa Hartman Park

Private Membership Clubs

 * Greenwich Country Club
 * The Milbrook Club
 * Round Hill Club
 * The Stanwich Club
 * Burning Tree Country Club
 * Field Club of Greenwich
 * Tamarack Country Club
 * Fairview Country Club
 * Indian Harbor Yacht Club
 * Riverside Yacht Club
 * Belle Haven Club
 * Old Greenwich Yacht Club
 * Rocky Point Club
 * Greenwich Water Club
 * Greenwich Boat & Yacht Club

Government
The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Banksville, Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus, Old Greenwich, Riverside and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes.

The town has three Selectmen and a Representative Town Meeting (RTM). The RTM must approve all budgets, and consists of 230 elected representatives. RTM members are not paid. The three selectmen are elected on a town-wide basis, although each person can only vote for two members. This assures that there will almost always be one Democrat and two Republicans or two Democrats and one Republican. While voter registration is skewed in the Republicans' favor, they do not have a lock on the First Selectman's chair, and Democrats have held the seat recently. Many of the other town committees have equal representation between Democrats and Republicans, regardless of the vote breakdown, since each individual can only vote for half as many seats as are available.

Public schools
Greenwich Public Schools operates the public schools. Greenwich High School is the district's sole high school. elementary schools had the same pattern of racial segregation as the town as a whole with Hispanic students concentrated in the two elementary schools in the southwestern corner of the district, New Lebanon and Hamilton Avenue. The 3 middle schools have balanced enrollment. There is a Connecticut racial diversity law which requires that the percentage of students in an ethnic group in a school may not deviate by more than 25% from the average for the district. Thus,, the district was out of compliance and was searching for solutions.

Elementary Schools:
 * Cos Cob School
 * Glenville School
 * Hamilton Avenue School
 * International School at Dundee
 * Julian Curtiss School
 * New Lebanon School
 * North Mianus School
 * North Street School
 * Old Greenwich School
 * Parkway School
 * Riverside School

Middle Schools:
 * Central Middle School
 * Eastern Middle School
 * Western Middle School

High Schools: Greenwich High School

Private schools

 * Brunswick School, a non-sectarian boys' school (the brother school to Greenwich Academy) (preK-12)
 * Greenwich Academy, a non-sectarian girls' school (the sister school to Brunswick) (preK-12)
 * Eagle Hill School (K-10)
 * Convent of the Sacred Heart, a girls' school with Catholic affiliation (preK-12)
 * Greenwich Catholic School (preK-8), 471 North Street
 * Greenwich Country Day School (originally Nursery-9) (Acquired Stanwich School for 10-12, 2017)
 * Greenwich Japanese School, the New York Nihonjin gakko, a Japanese expatriate school (K-9), which moved to Greenwich from New York City in 1992; it shares the former Rosemary Hall campus with Carmel Academy.
 * The Stanwich School (preK-12), located at 257 Stanwich Road
 * Carmel Academy (K-8), a Jewish school sharing a campus with Greenwich Japanese School. In 2010, the school changed its name from Westchester Fairfield Hebrew Academy.
 * Whitby School (18 months through Grade 8), a Montessori and International Baccalaureate World School (IB).

Radio

 * WGCH-AM 1490 radio station; 1,000 watts

Newspapers and print

 * Greenwich Magazine, owned by Moffly Publications, which publishes other local magazines, including *New Canaan-Darien Magazine and Westport Magazine.
 * Greenwich Sentinel local weekly printed newspaper.
 * Greenwich Time - daily newspaper based in Greenwich; published by Hearst Corporation, which also owns The Advocate of Stamford. Some sections are identical to the same sections in The Advocate, including the arts and business sections.

Website Only and Blogs

 * Greenwich Free Press
 * Greenwich Patch Greenwich Patch An online newspaper by and for Greenwich citizens.
 * Greenwich Post
 * Greenwich Post - weekly broadsheet, part of the Hersam Acorn chain of local weeklies.
 * Vivapop, publishes local news, charitable events and calendars.

Films shot in Greenwich
List is in reverse chronological order of movies filmed (or partially filmed) in Greenwich:


 * Boychoir (2014)
 * The Big Wedding (2013)
 * Great Hope Springs (2011)
 * All Good Things (2010)
 * The Switch (2010)
 * The Best Laid Plans (2009)
 * Listen to Your Heart (2009)
 * Old Dogs (2009)
 * A Smirk of Satisfaction (2009)
 * Revolutionary Road (2008)
 * The Accidental Husband (2008)
 * The Life Before Her Eyes (2007)
 * Person of Interest (2007)
 * Borrowing Rebecca (2006)
 * The Accidental Husband (2006)
 * The Good Shepherd (2006)
 * Holes in My Shoes (2006)
 * The Path of Most Resistance (2006)
 * After Roberto (2005)
 * Domino One (2005)
 * The Family Stone (2006)
 * Figment (2005/II)
 * Filmic Achievement (2005)
 * R.I.P. (2005/I)
 * The Stepford Wives (2004)
 * Chubby Kid, A (2002)
 * Fabled (2002)
 * The Ice Storm (1997)
 * Ransom (1996)
 * Deadtime Stories (1986)
 * Danny (1977)
 * The April Fools (1968)
 * Time Piece (1965)
 * Open the Door and See All the People (1964)
 * The American Venus (1926)
 * Via Wireless (1915)
 * The Perils of Pauline (1914)
 * Two Little Waifs (1910)
 * The Golden Supper (1910)
 * The Cardinal's Conspiracy (1909)
 * A Change of Heart (1909)
 * The Country Doctor (1909)
 * Sweet and Twenty (1909)
 * Tender Hearts (1909)
 * The Message (1909)
 * The Little Teacher (1909)

Television shows filmed in Greenwich

 * The Mick (2017) Takes place in Greenwich. Not filmed in Greenwich.
 * The Profit (2014)
 * The Big C (2011, 2012) Showtime
 * Teachers (2008) - TV movie
 * The Apprentice (2004)
 * Wickedly Perfect (2004)
 * Made in America (2003)
 * Rich Girls (2003)
 * Murder in Greenwich (2002) - TV Movie about Martha Moxley
 * TV Nation (1995)

Transportation
The town is served by the Metro-North Railroad's New Haven Line (the four stations, from west to east, are Greenwich, Cos Cob, Riverside, and Old Greenwich) and is approximately a 50-minute train ride to Grand Central Terminal in Manhattan on the express train and a 60-minute ride on the local. The Amtrak Acela, Northeast Regional, and Vermonter trains stop in the adjacent city of Stamford.

Interstate 95 goes through the southern end of town, and there are four exits from I-95 in Greenwich, exits 2 through 5. The Boston Post Road (also known as East or West Putnam Avenue or simply Route 1) also goes through town, as does the Merritt Parkway, although the Merritt Parkway is a considerable distance from the downtown area. Interstate 684 passes through Greenwich, but cannot be entered or exited there, and the nearest interchange is at the Westchester County Airport in New York State.

Westchester County Airport is the closest commercial airport to Greenwich. It takes approximately 15 minutes to drive from the town's center. This is followed by LaGuardia Airport in Queens, New York, a 35-minute drive approximately. John F. Kennedy International Airport in Queens, New York, is the closest international airport, a one-hour drive approximately. Newark Liberty International Airport in New Jersey is also easily accessible from Greenwich, taking approximately one hour to drive to.

Two bridges in Greenwich were among 12 in the state listed in "critical" condition by state safety inspectors as of August 2007. The Riversville Road bridge, built in the 1950s, now has a weight limit of 3 tons, but as of August 5, 2007, the bridge had not been inspected in over two years (in March 2005), according to state records obtained by the Hartford Courant, although a state official said the bridge was inspected in August 2005 and would be inspected again in August 2007. In the March 2005 inspection, the bridge's above-ground structure was deemed to be in critical condition, with other components in poor condition. The Bailiwick Road bridge in town was closed in April 2007 and remained closed as of August 2007 due to storm damage. The ratings for the two bridges were worse than the Interstate 35W bridge in Minneapolis, which collapsed during rush hour on August 1, 2007.

According to the DataHaven Community Wellbeing Survey, a statewide program funded by various agencies and philanthropies, 4% of adults in Greenwich are "transportation insecure," meaning that they have had to stay at home during the past year due to a lack of adequate transportation. The comparable rate for all adults statewide is 13%.

Fire Department
The town of Greenwich is protected by the paid career members of the Greenwich Fire Department (GFD) and eight all-volunteer fire companies, in addition to a Fire Police Patrol. The paid GFD is made up of 106 paid firefighters, who staff 6 Engine Companies and 1 Truck Company, as well as several special units, in 6 Fire Stations (shared with volunteer companies), under the command of a Deputy Chief (Tour Commander) per shift, who in-turn reports to the Chief of Department. The 7 volunteer fire companies are made up of a total of approximately 100 volunteer firefighters, who man 9 volunteer Engines, 2 volunteer Ladders, 4 Tankers, 6 Squads, 3 Utility Units, 3 Marine Units (Fireboats), 1 Dive Rescue Unit, 1 Special Operations Unit, 1 Heavy Rescue and several other support units. The volunteer fire companies are quartered in 7 of the Fire Stations, located throughout the town, and respond to emergency calls with the paid GFD Units. The all-volunteer fire companies are each commanded by a District Chief, who in-turn reports to a Deputy Chief of the GFD, who reports to the Chief of Department. There is also the Cos Cob Fire Police Patrol, one of the only remaining Fire Police Patrols in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The Patrol operates 2 Units, Patrol 2 (P2) and Utility 2 (U2). The paid Greenwich Fire Department and the 7 all-volunteer Greenwich Fire Companies respond to, on average, approximately 5,000 emergency calls annually.

Police Department
Located at 11 Bruce Place, GPD has 87 Police Officers, 22 Detectives, 19 Sergeants, 10 Lieutenants, 3 Captains, and one Deputy Chief with 20+ civilian dispatchers and administrative personnel. and includes a K-9 unit. The current Chief of Police is Jim Heavey while the First Selectman is Police Commissioner.

Libraries
Byram Shubert Library Cos Cob Library Greenwich Library Perrot Library

Sister cities
Greenwich originally had only three sister cities, but in recent years has added two more. In 2013 the Town also become sister city to Rose, Cosenza, Italy and Morra de Sanctis, Avellino, Italy. An interesting fact to note is that today there are more descendants of Rosetani immigrants living in Greenwich, Connecticut than there are people living in the Town of Rose. :