Valravn (roller coaster)

Valravn is a steel roller coaster at Cedar Point amusement park in Sandusky, Ohio. Built and designed by Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M), it opened on May 7, 2016, as the tallest, fastest, and longest dive coaster in the world. Valravn is also the third Dive Coaster model, characterized by its use of wide trains, to open in the United States and the first to use over-the-shoulder "vest" style restraints. The installation also marks the 100th roller coaster designed by B&M since their founding in 1988.

Following on the heels of Rougarou, which opened at Cedar Point in 2015, Valravn also takes its name from cultural folklore. The ride's theme is based on a mythological bird from Danish folklore called the valravn, which means "raven of the slain".

History
In January 2015, the Sandusky Register obtained a memo from Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) announcing the arrival of a record-breaking Dive Coaster at Cedar Point for the 2016 season. The memo stated that the ride may be installed on land formerly occupied by the Good Time theatre, which was demolished a few months earlier. The park's spokesman, Bryan Edwards, later confirmed that the Dive Coaster was one of several possibilities the park was considering.

Site preparation began in late 2014, when the Dodgems and Calypso rides were relocated to the Wicked Twister midway section of the park. The Good Time Theatre and Turnpike Cars were demolished and removed as well in early 2015. In May 2015, interest in the new ride grew when Cedar Point trademarked the name Valravn, which in Danish folklore stands for a mythological bird known as the "raven of the slain", describing a raven that feasts on the dead bodies of those who perish in battle. In early August of the same year, images showing the layout of the new roller coaster and its logo appeared in the amusement park's smartphone app. Responding to the leak, Cedar Point temporarily disabled the app on Google Play and announced that details would be revealed on August 18, 2015. However, the park decided to postpone the announcement following an incident in which a park visitor was struck and killed when entering a restricted area underneath Raptor. Visitors began to report seeing pieces of new roller coaster track being stored on park property. On September 9, 2015, Cedar Point officially unveiled plans for Valravn.

The roller coaster is based on the Dive Coaster model developed by B&M and represents the company's hundredth roller coaster installation. Its trains will be the first on this model to use a "vest" style over-the-shoulder restraint system, similar to the design used on Cedar Point's GateKeeper and other B&M Wing Coasters. Each train consists of three cars, each of which has a single row holding eight passengers, for a total of 24 riders per train. Construction finished as Valravn's last piece of track was put in place on March 2, 2016. Video showing the ride being tested was released in early April 2016.

Ride experience
After leaving the station, the train turns 180 degrees to the left, then begins to ascend its 223 ft chain lift hill. Once the train reaches the top, it turns right, slightly hangs over the first drop and pauses for four seconds. The train then drops 214 ft at a 90-degree angle where it reaches 75 mph, its maximum speed. The train then enters a 165 ft Immelmann loop before rising into the mid-course brake run. After the midcourse brakes, the train goes through a second drop at 131 ft. Out of the drop, the train enters a dive loop that leads into its third and final inversion, a 270-degree zero-g roll. The train encounters an airtime hill before turning left and entering the final brake run.

Location
Valravn's entrance and location is located on a new midway stretching from the Blue Streak area to near Celebration Plaza. Another way it can be accessed is behind the cobra roll on the Raptor. It is the centerpiece of a redesigned Marina entrance.

Manufacturer
Valravn is a Dive Coaster model manufactured by Swiss roller coaster firm Bolliger & Mabillard. Notably, it is the 100th roller coaster produced by B&M and the fourth to be built at Cedar Point, following Raptor, GateKeeper and Rougarou. It is the 10th Dive Coaster to be built in the world and the third in the United States, with the other two being at Busch Gardens' parks.

Trains
Valravn operates with three tiered seating, open-air steel and fiberglass trains, each with three cars of eight seats each. Each train holds 24 riders and the ride has a capacity of about 1,200 riders per hour. Riders are restrained by flexible over-the-shoulder restraints and interlocking seat belts and riders are required to be 52 inches (132 cm) to ride. Valravn's trains are the widest in the park and they are also the first Dive Coaster in the world to use B&M's new restraint system, which can also be found on the park's GateKeeper roller coaster.

Track
The steel tubular track is 3415 ft long and the lift is approximately 223 ft high. The track colors are copper and silver with the supports being regal blue. There are 103 pieces of track with the heaviest weighing 17000 lb. The width of the track is 6.5 feet wide, making it the widest track in the park. A total of 51 supports hold the track in place. The track and supports were manufactured by Clermont Steel Fabricators in Batavia in southwest Ohio.

Records
Upon opening in 2016, Valravn broke six Dive Coaster records and helped to break four amusement park records.

Dive Coaster records
Valravn holds records for the following:
 * Tallest Dive Coaster (223 ft)
 * Fastest Dive Coaster (75 mi/h)
 * Longest Dive Coaster (3415 ft)
 * Longest drop on a Dive Coaster (214 ft)
 * Most inversions on a Dive Coaster (3)
 * Highest inversion on a Dive Coaster (165 ft)

Park records
Cedar Point holds records for the following:
 * Most roller coasters taller than (200 ft) at a park (5)
 * Most rides at one park (71)
 * Most steel roller coaster track at one park (52125 ft)
 * Most roller coaster track at one park (60110 ft)