Kendrick Lamar

Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He is regarded as one of the most skillful and successful hip hop artists of his generation.[1][2][3][4]

Raised in Compton, California, Lamar embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot, releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment(TDE). He began to gain recognition in 2010, after his first retail release, Overly Dedicated. The following year, he independently released his first studio album, Section.80, which included his debut single, "HiiiPoWeR". By that time, he had amassed a large online following and collaborated with several prominent hip hop artists, including The Game, Busta Rhymes, and Snoop Dogg.

Lamar's major label debut album, Good Kid, M.A.A.D City, was released in 2012 by TDE, Aftermath, and Interscope Records to critical acclaim. It debuted at #2 on the US Billboard 200 and was later certified platinum by the RIAA. The record contained the top 40 singles "Swimming Pools (Drank)", "Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe", and "Poetic Justice". His critically acclaimed third album To Pimp a Butterfly (2015) incorporated elements of funk, soul, jazz, and spoken word. It debuted atop the charts in the US and the UK, and won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album at the 58th ceremony. In 2016, Lamar released Untitled Unmastered, a collection of unreleased demos that originated during the recording sessions for Butterfly. He released his fourth album Damn in 2017 to further acclaim; its lead single "Humble" topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Aside from his solo career, Lamar is also known as a member of the West Coast hip hop supergroup Black Hippy, alongside his TDE label-mates and fellow South Los Angeles–based rappers Ab-Soul, Jay Rock, and Schoolboy Q. Lamar has received many accolades over the course of his career, including thirteen Grammy Awards. In early 2013, MTV named him the "Hottest MC in the Game", on their annual list.[5] Time named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2016.[6] In 2018, Damn became the first non-classical and non-jazz album to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music.[7]

Early life
Kendrick Lamar Duckworth was born in Compton, California on June 17, 1987,[8][9] the son of a couple from Chicago, Illinois.[10] His father, Kenny Duckworth, was a member of street gang Gangster Disciples.[11]

His first name was given to him by his mother in honor of American singer-songwriter Eddie Kendricks of The Temptations.[12] In 1995, at the age of eight in his hometown of Compton, Lamar witnessed his idols, Tupac Shakur and Dr. Dre, film the music video for their hit single "California Love", which proved to be a very significant moment in his life.[13] He grew up on welfare and in section 8 housing.

As a child, Lamar attended McNair Elementary and Vanguard Learning Center in the Compton Unified School District.[14] As a teenager, Lamar went on to attend Centennial High School in Compton, where he was a straight-A student.[10][15][16]

2004–2009: Career beginnings
In 2004, at the age of 16, Lamar released his first full-length project, a mixtapetitled Youngest Head Stupid in Charge (Hub City Threat: Minor of the Year), under the pseudonym K-Dot.[17] The mixtape was released under Konkrete Jungle Muzik and garnered local recognition for Lamar.[18] The mixtape led to Lamar securing a recording contract with Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE), a newly founded indie record label, based in Carson, California.[17] He began recording material with the label and subsequently released a 26-track mixtape two years later, titled Training Day (2005).[19]

Throughout 2006 and 2007, Lamar would appear alongside other up-and-coming West Coast rappers, such as Jay Rock and Ya Boy, as opening acts for veteran West Coast rapper The Game. Under the moniker K-Dot, Lamar was also featured on The Game's songs "The Cypha" and "Cali Stupid".[20][21]

In 2008, Lamar was prominently featured throughout the music video for Jay Rock's commercial debut single, "All My Life (In the Ghetto)", which features American hip hop superstar Lil Wayne and was backed by Warner Bros. Records. Lamar garnered further recognition after a video of a live performance of a Charles Hamilton show surfaced, in which Hamilton battled fellow rappers who were in the audience. Lamar did not hesitate and began rapping a verseover the instrumental to Miilkbone's "Keep It Real", which would later appear on a track titled "West Coast Wu-Tang".[13]

After receiving a co-sign from Lil Wayne,[22][23] Lamar released his third mixtape in 2009, titled C4, which was heavily themed around Wayne's Tha Carter III LP.[24]Soon after, Lamar decided to drop K-Dot as his stage name and go by his birth name. He subsequently released The Kendrick Lamar EP in late 2009.[25] That same year, Lamar along with his TDE label-mates: Jay Rock, Ab-Soul and ScHoolboy Q formed Black Hippy, a hip hop supergroup.[26]

2010–2011: Overly Dedicated and Section.80
Throughout 2010, Lamar toured with Tech N9ne and Jay Rock on The Independent Grind tour.[17] On September 14, 2010, he released the visuals for "P&P 1.5", a song taken from Overly Dedicated, featuring his Black Hippy cohort Ab-Soul.[27] On the same date, Lamar released Overly Dedicated to digital retailers under Top Dawg Entertainment, and later on September 23, released it for free online.[28][29] The project fared well enough to enter the United States Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, where it peaked at number 72.[30]

The mixtape includes a song titled "Ignorance Is Bliss", in which Lamar highlights gangsta rap and street crime, but ends each verse with "ignorance is bliss", giving the message "we know not what we do;"[31][32] it was this song specifically that made hip hop producer Dr. Dre want to work with Lamar after seeing the music video on YouTube.[33] This led to Lamar working with Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg on Dre's often-delayed Detox album, as well as speculation of Lamar signing to Dr. Dre's record label, Aftermath Entertainment.[17][34][35] In December 2010, Complex magazine spotlighted Lamar in an edition of their "Indie Intro" series.[36]

In early 2011, Lamar was included in XXL 's annual Top 10 Freshman Class, and was featured on the cover alongside fellow up-and-coming rappers Cyhi the Prynce, Meek Mill, Mac Miller, Yelawolf and Big K.R.I.T., among others.[37] On April 11, 2011, Lamar announced the title of his next full-length project to be Section.80,[38] and the following day the first single "HiiiPoWeR" was released, the concept of which was to further explain the HiiiPoWeR movement.[39] The song was produced by fellow American rapper J. Cole, marking their first of several collaborations.[39]

On the topic of whether his next project would be an album or a mixtape, Lamar answered: "I treat every project like it's an album anyway. It's not going to be nothing leftover. I never do nothing like that. These are my leftover songs you all can have them. I'm going to put my best out. My best effort. I'm trying to look for an album in 2012."[40] In June 2011, Lamar released "Ronald Reagan Era (His Evils)", a cut from Section.80, featuring Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA.[41] On July 2, 2011, Lamar released Section.80, his first independent album, to critical acclaim. The album features guest appearances from GLC, Colin Munroe, Schoolboy Q, and Ab-Soul, while the production was handled by Top Dawg in-house production team Digi+Phonics as well as Wyldfyer, Terrace Martin and J. Cole. Section.80 went on to sell 5,300 digital copies in its first week, without any television or radio coverage and received mostly positive reviews.[42]

In August 2011, while performing at a West Los Angeles concert, Lamar was dubbed the "New King of the West Coast" by Snoop Dogg, Dr. Dre and Game.[43][44] On August 24, 2011, Lamar released the music video for the Section.80 track, "ADHD". The video was directed by Vashtie Kola who had this to say of the video: "Inspired by "A.D.H.D"'s dark beat and melancholy lyrics which explore a generation in conflict, we find Kendrick Lamar in a video that illustrates the songs[sic] universal and age-old theme of apathetic youth. (…) Shot in New York City during the sweltering July Summer heat".[45] In October 2011, Lamar appeared alongside fellow American rappers B.o.B, Tech N9ne, MGK, and Big K.R.I.T., in a cypher at the BET Hip Hop Awards.[46] Also in October, Lamar partnered with Windows Phone, and crafted an original song with producer Nosaj Thing entitled "Cloud 10", to promote Microsoft's new product.[47] During 2011, Lamar appeared on several high-profile albums including Game's The R.E.D. Album, Tech N9ne's All 6's and 7's, 9th Wonder's The Wonder Years and Canadian recording artist Drake's Grammy Award-winning Take Care, which featured Lamar on a solo track.[48]

2012–2013: Good Kid, M.A.A.D City and controversies
On February 15, 2012, a song by Lamar titled "Cartoon and Cereal", featuring fellow American rapper Gunplay, was leaked online.[49] Lamar later revealed that the track was for his major-label debut studio album and that he had plans to shoot a video for it.[50] Although the song would later be ranked #2 in Complex 's Best 50 Songs of 2012 list, it would ultimately fail to appear on Lamar's debut.[51] In February 2012, it was announced that Fader had enlisted both Kendrick Lamar and Detroit-based rapper Danny Brown, to appear on the cover of the magazine's Spring Style issue.[52] In February, Lamar also embarked on Drake's Club Paradise Tour, opening along with fellow American rappers, ASAP Rocky and 2 Chainz.[53]

In March 2012, MTV announced that Lamar had signed a deal with Interscope Records and Aftermath Entertainment, marking the end of his career as an independent artist. Under the new deal, Lamar's projects, including his album good kid, m.A.A.d city, would be jointly released via Top Dawg, Aftermath, and Interscope.[54] Also in March, Lamar appeared on Last Call with Carson Daly, where he spoke on Dr. Dre and his hometown of Compton, California.[55] On April 2, 2012, Lamar premiered his commercial debut single "The Recipe", on Big Boy's Neighborhood at Power 106. The song, which serves as the first single from his good kid, m.A.A.d city, was released for digital download the following day. The song was produced by West Coast producer Scoop DeVille and features vocals from his mentor Dr. Dre, who also mixed the record.

On May 14, 2012, J. Cole again spoke on his collaborative effort with Lamar. In an interview with Bootleg Kev, Cole stated: "I just started working with Kendrick the other day. We got it in, finally, again. We got maybe four or five [songs] together."[56] On May 21, Lamar made his 106 & Park debut alongside Ace Hood, joining Birdman and Mack Maine on stage to perform "B Boyz". Lamar also talked about his style and sound, Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg, and his upcoming collaborative LP with J. Cole.[57] On the same date, Lamar released "War Is My Love", an original song written and recorded for the video game Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, for which he appeared in a mini promotional clip earlier that month.[58]

On July 31, 2012, Top Dawg, Aftermath, and Interscope serviced "Swimming Pools (Drank)" as the lead single from Lamar's debut album. The song's music video, directed by Jerome D, premiered on August 3, 2012, on 106 & Park. The song peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100 in its thirteenth week of gradually climbing up the chart. On August 15, 2012, singer Lady Gagaannounced via Twitter that both had recorded a song titled "PartyNauseous" for his debut album.[59] However, Gaga withdrew from participation in the last moment, citing that it was due to artistic differences and had nothing to do with Lamar.[60] On August 17, 2012, Lamar released a song titled "Westside, Right on Time", featuring Southern rapper Young Jeezy.[61] The song was released as part of the "Top Dawg Entertainment Fam Appreciation Week". During 2012, Lamar also toured with the rest of Black Hippy and MMG rapper, Stalley, on BET's Music Matters Tour.[62]

Lamar's major-label debut, good kid, m.A.A.d city, was released on October 22, 2012. The album was met with critical acclaim and debuted at number two in the US, selling 242,100 copies in its first week.[63] Later that year, Fuse TV listed Lamar's single, "Backseat Freestyle" among the top 40 songs of 2012.[64] In a few months' time, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). HipHopDX named Lamar "Emcee of the Year" for their 2012 Year-End honors.[65] In November, after Cole posted pictures of himself and Lamar working in the studio, the latter revealed that the two are still working on a project, but an exact release date was not given for the joint album: "We are going to drop that out the sky though. I don't want to give dates. I'm just going to let it fall" in an interview with the LA Leakers.[66]

On January 26, 2013, Lamar performed the album's first singles "Swimming Pools (Drank)" and "Poetic Justice" on NBC's sketch comedy and variety show, Saturday Night Live. In the same episode, Lamar also appeared alongside guest host Adam Levine and comedy band The Lonely Island, in an SNL Digital Short, which spawned the single "YOLO".[67][68][69] On February 22, 2013, Lamar released the video for "Poetic Justice", the Janet Jackson-sampling collaboration with Canadian rapper Drake.[70] On February 26, Lamar performed "Poetic Justice" on the Late Show with David Letterman.[71] Just nine months after its release, good kid, m.A.A.d city was certified platinum by the RIAA, Lamar's first platinum certification.[72]

In August 2013, Lamar's verse on the Big Sean track "Control", made waves across the hip-hop industry. In the verse, Lamar vows to lyrically "murder" every other up-and-coming rapper, namely J. Cole, Big K.R.I.T., Wale, Pusha T, Meek Mill, ASAP Rocky, Drake, Big Sean, Jay Electronica, Tyler, The Creator and Mac Miller. During the song, Lamar also calls himself the "King of New York", which caused controversy among several New York-based rappers.[73] Many New York rappers, including Papoose, The Mad Rapper, Mickey Factz, JR Writer, Mysonne, Joell Ortiz and more, took offense to this. Furthermore, fellow American rappers such as Meek Mill, Lupe Fiasco, Cassidy, Joe Budden, King L, Bizarre and B.o.B, among many others, released a response or diss track, within a week.[74] In the days following the track's release, Lamar's Twitter account saw a 510% increase in followers.[75]

On September 6, 2013, American recording artist and record producer Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, in support of his sixth album Yeezus (2013), with Kendrick Lamar accompanying him on tour. The Yeezus Tour began in October.[76][77] In October, it was also revealed that Lamar would be featured on Eminem's eighth studio album The Marshall Mathers LP 2.[78] On October 15, 2013, Lamar won five awards at the BET Hip Hop Awards, including Album of the Year and Lyricist of the Year (the latter of which he had also won the year before).[79] At the award show, Lamar performed "Money Trees", and was also featured in a cypher alongside his Top Dawg label-mates Jay Rock, Schoolboy Q, Isaiah Rashad, and Ab-Soul.[80][81]During an October 2013 interview with XXL, Lamar revealed that following The Yeezus Tour, he would begin to start working on his next album.[82]

In November 2013, he was named GQ's "Rapper of the Year," and was featured on the cover of the magazine's "Men of the Year" issue.[83][84][85] During the interview, he stated that he would begin recording his second major-label studio album in January 2014.[86] Following the issue's release, TDE's CEO Anthony "Top Dawg" Tiffith pulled Kendrick Lamar from performing at GQ 's party that accompanies the issue, calling out writer Steve Marsh's profile, "Kendrick Lamar: Rapper of the Year," for its "racial overtones."[87][88][89][90] GQ editor-in-chief Jim Nelson responded with the following statement: "Kendrick Lamar is one of the most talented new musicians to arrive on the scene in years. That's the reason we chose to celebrate him, wrote an incredibly positive article declaring him the next King of Rap, and gave him our highest honor: putting him on the cover of our Men of the Year issue. I'm not sure how you can spin that into a bad thing, and I encourage anyone interested to read the story and see for themselves."[91][92]

Lamar received a total of seven Grammy nominations at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards (2014), including Best New Artist, Album of the Year, and Best Rap Song,[93] but did not win in any category. Many publications felt that The Recording Academy snubbed Lamar, as well as Seattle-based rapper Macklemore, who won Best Rap Album – category for which Lamar was also nominated.[94][95][96] At the ceremony, Lamar performed "M.A.A.D City" and a remix of "Radioactive" in a mash-up with American rock band Imagine Dragonsat the awards ceremony.[97] The remix was again performed by Lamar and the band on February 1, 2014, during the airing of Saturday Night Live, marking Lamar's second appearance on the show.[98]

2014–2016: To Pimp a Butterfly and Untitled Unmastered
In an interview with Billboard in February 2014, Lamar stated he was planning to put out a new album the next September.[99] During the same interview, which also included Schoolboy Q, Anthony "Top Dawg" Tiffith, and Dave Free, the possibility of a debut effort from the Black Hippy collective appearing in 2014 was announced.[99] On July 31, 2014, it was announced that Lamar would premiere his short film m.A.A.d at Sundance's inaugural NEXT Fest in Los Angeles on August 9.[100] The film is inspired by good kid, m.A.A.d city, and was directed by Kahlil Joseph, who had previously worked with Lamar on the Yeezus Tour.[100] Lamar featured on the Alicia Keys song "It's On Again", which was written for the film The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014).[101]

On September 23, 2014, Lamar released "i" as the first single from his third album.[102] On November 15, 2014, Lamar once again appeared on Saturday Night Live as the musical guest, where he performed "i" and "Pay for It", appearing alongside Jay Rock.[103] Through his appearance, with blackout contacts and his braids partly out, Lamar paid homage to New York-based rapper Method Man, whose debut album Tical celebrated its 20th anniversary that day.[104][105] In December 2014, it was announced that Lamar had started a partnership with sportswear brand Reebok.[106] On December 17, 2014, Lamar debuted a new untitled song on one of the final episodes of The Colbert Report.[107][108] In early 2015, Lamar won Best Rap Performance and Best Rap Song for his song "i" at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards.[109] On February 9, 2015, he released his third album's second single, titled "The Blacker the Berry".[110] Originally expected to be released on March 23, 2015, his new album To Pimp a Butterfly was released a week early on March 16, 2015 to rave reviews.[111] The album debuted atop the US Billboard 200 chart selling 324,000 copies in its first week,[112] and established Spotify's global first-day streaming record (9.6 million).[113] Lamar was later featured on the cover of Rolling Stone, with editor Josh Eells writing he's "arguably the most talented rapper of his generation."[14][114]

On May 17, 2015, Lamar featured on the official remix of American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift's song "Bad Blood", as well as appearing in the music video.[115]The original song is in Swift’s fifth studio album “1989”. The single reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.[116] To Pimp a Butterfly produced other three singles with accompanying music videos, "King Kunta", "Alright" and "These Walls". The music video for "Alright" received four nominations at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards, including Video of the Year and Best Male Video.[117] The song "For Free? (Interlude)" also featured a music video,[118] as did "u" with "For Sale" as part of the short film "God Is Gangsta."[119] In October 2015, Lamar announced the Kunta's Groove Sessions Tour, which included eight shows in eight cities.[120] In early 2016, Kanye West released the track "No More Parties in L.A." on his official SoundCloud, a collaboration featuring Lamar and produced by West and Madlib.[121] Lamar also performed a new song, "Untitled 2" on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon in January.[122]

Billboard critics commented at the end of the year, "twenty years ago, a conscious rap record wouldn't have penetrated the mainstream in the way Kendrick Lamar did with To Pimp A Butterfly. His sense of timing is impeccable. In the midst of rampant cases of police brutality and racial tension across America, he spews raw, aggressive bars while possibly cutting a rug,"[123] while Pitchfork editors noted it "forced critics to think deeply about music. It's an album by the greatest rapper of his generation."[124] Producer Tony Viscontistated David Bowie's album Blackstar (2016) was influenced by Lamar's work, "we were listening to a lot of Kendrick Lamar [...] we loved the fact Kendrick was so open-minded and he didn't do a straight-up hip-hop record. He threw everything on there, and that's exactly what we wanted to do."[125] Visconti also stated this about Lamar while talking about "rule-breakers" in music.

Lamar won five Grammys at the 58th ceremony, including Best Rap Album for To Pimp a Butterfly.[127] Other nominations included Album of the Year and Song of the Year.[128] At the ceremony, Lamar performed a medley of "The Blacker the Berry" and "Alright".[129] It was ranked by Rolling Stone and Billboard as the best moment of the night,[130][131] with the latter writing "It was easily one of the best live TV performances in history."[129]

On March 4, 2016, Lamar released a compilation album Untitled Unmastered,[132]containing eight untitled tracks, each dated.[133] Lamar later confirmed that the tracks were unfinished demos from the recording of To Pimp a Butterfly.[134] The compilation album debuted atop the US Billboard 200.[135]

2017–present: Damn. and Black Panther soundtrack
On March 23, 2017, Lamar released a promotional single "The Heart Part 4".[136]A week later, Lamar released the lead single, titled "Humble", accompanied by its music video.[137] On April 7, 2017, his fourth studio album was made available for pre-order and confirmed to be released on April 14, 2017.[138][139] On April 11, Lamar announced the album title, Damn (stylized as DAMN.), as well as the track list, which confirmed guest appearances by Rihanna, Zacari, and U2.[140]The album was released on April 14, 2017 to rave reviews, with a Rolling Stonewriter describing it as a combination of "the old school and the next-level."[141] It marked his third number one album on the Billboard 200 chart, and the single "Humble" became his first number one as a lead artist on the Billboard Hot 100.[142] On May 4, 2017, Damn was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[143] Lamar later released the DAMN. Collectors Edition in mid-December 2017, with the tracklist from the original album in reverse order.[144]

Along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith, Lamar produced and curated the film soundtrack for the Marvel Studios superhero film Black Panther (2018), titled Black Panther The Album Music From And Inspired By.[145]A single from the soundtrack, "All the Stars", was released in January 2018 featuring singer SZA,[145] and it earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song.[146] Shortly thereafter, another track, titled "King's Dead", was released by Jay Rock featuring Lamar, Future and James Blake.[147] The third single, "Pray For Me", by Lamar and The Weeknd, was released in February 2018, ahead of the album's release in that month.[148][149] Black Panther The Album Music From And Inspired By was released on February 9, 2018[150] to universal acclaim.[151][152]

In January 2018, Lamar's song publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Musicbegan to expire. Top Dawg Entertainment, which represents Lamar, is seeking $20 to $40 million for the rapper's catalogue.[153] Lamar opened the 60th Annual Grammy Awards with a medley of "XXX", "LUST", "DNA", "HUMBLE", "King's Dead" and Rich the Kid's "New Freezer".[154] He was also nominated for seven awards, including Album of the Year and Best Rap Album for DAMN., and the Record of the Year, Best Rap Performance, Best Rap Song, and Best Music Video for "HUMBLE", and Best Rap/Sung Performance for "LOYALTY" with Rihanna. Lamar ultimately won five awards at the ceremony, for Best Rap Album, Best Rap Performance, Best Rap Song, Best Music Video, and Best Rap/Sung Performance.[155]

In July 2018, Lamar made his acting debut in the fifth season the Starz drama series Power, portraying a Dominican drug addict named Laces.[156] Lamar's casting stemmed from his friendship with rapper 50 Cent, who also executive produces and stars in the series. Series creator Courtney A. Kemp said that Lamar told 50 Cent that he wanted to be on the show and 50 Cent organized the appearance.[157] Lamar wanted to portray a character that did not resemble his musical persona, and drew inspiration from various people he knew when growing up in Compton. He also compared his acting preparation to his songwriting, saying that he prefers to "always have that open space to evolve".[158] Lamar's performance was praised by critics and viewers.[159][160][161][162]

Influences
Kendrick Lamar has stated that Tupac Shakur, The Notorious B.I.G., Jay Z, Nas, and Eminem are his top five favorite rappers. Tupac Shakur is his biggest influence, and has influenced his music as well as his day-to-day lifestyle.[17][163][164] In a 2011 interview with Rolling Stone, Lamar mentioned Mos Def and Snoop Dogg as rappers that he listened to and took influence from during his early years.[165] He also cites rapper DMX as an influence: "[DMX] really [got me started] on music," explained Lamar in an interview with Philadelphia's Power 99. "That first album [It's Dark and Hell Is Hot] is classic, [so he had an influence on me]." He has also stated Eazy-E as an influence in a post by Complex saying: "I Wouldn't Be Here Today If It Wasn't for Eazy-E."[166]

In a September 2012 interview, Lamar stated rapper Eminem "influenced a lot of my style" and has since credited Eminem for his own aggression, on records such as "Backseat Freestyle".[167][168] Lamar also gave Lil Wayne's work in Hot Boys credit for influencing his style and praised his longevity.[169] He has said that he also grew up listening to Rakim, Dr. Dre, and Tha Dogg Pound.[170] In January 2013, when asked to name three rappers that have played a role in his style, Lamar said: "It's probably more of a west coast influence. A little bit of Kurupt, [Tupac], with some of the content of Ice Cube."[171] In a November 2013 interview with GQ, when asked "The Four MC's That Made Kendrick Lamar?", he answered Tupac Shakur, Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg and Mobb Deep, namely Prodigy.[172] Lamar professed to having been influenced by jazz trumpeter Miles Davis and Parliament-Funkadelic during the recording of To Pimp a Butterfly.[173]

Musical style
Lamar has been branded as the "new king of hip hop" numerous times.[2][3][4]Forbes said, on Lamar's placement as hip hop's "king", "Kendrick Lamar may or may not be the greatest rapper alive right now. He is certainly in the very short lists of artists in the conversation."[1] Lamar frequently refers to himself as the "greatest rapper alive"[174] and once called himself "The King of New York."[175]

On the topic of his music genre, Lamar has said: "You really can't categorize my music, it's human music."[176][177] Lamar's projects are usually concept albums.[178] Critics found Good Kid, M.A.A.D City heavily influenced by West Coast hip hop[179] and 90s gangsta rap.[180] His third studio album, To Pimp a Butterfly, incorporates elements of funk, jazz, soul and spoken word poetry.[181]

Called a "radio-friendly but overtly political rapper" by Pitchfork,[182] Lamar has been a branded "master of storytelling"[183] and his lyrics have been described as "katana-blade sharp" and his flow limber and dexterous.[184] Lamar's writing usually includes references to racism, black empowerment[185] and social injustice,[186] being compared to a State of Union address by The Guardian. His writing has also been called "confessional"[187] and controversial.[2] The New York Times has called Lamar's musical style anti-flamboyant, interior and complex and labelled him as a technical rapper.[188] Billboard described his lyricism as "Shakespearean".[189]

Controversies
Lamar's song "The Blacker the Berry", the second single from To Pimp A Butterfly, was released on February 9, 2015. The song gathered controversy following the lines, "So why did I weep when Trayvon Martin was in the street, when gang-banging make me kill a stupid blacker than me? Hypocrite!" which people perceived to be Lamar judging the black community.[190] Lamar later spoke on the lyrics in a NPR interview, saying "It's not me pointing at my community; it's me pointing at myself, I don't talk about these things if I haven't lived them, and I've hurt people in my life. It's something I still have to think about when I sleep at night."[191]

Following the release of Lamar's single "Humble", Lamar faced backlash for the lines "I'm so fine and tired of the Photoshop/Show me something natural like afro on Richard Pryor/Show me something natural like ass with some stretch marks," and was accused of putting down sections of women who enjoy makeup in an attempt to be uplifting.[192] Female labelmate, SZA later defended Lamar.[193] The model who appeared in the music video for "Humble" was also attacked on social media due to her role in the video.[194]

Feuds
In August 2013, Lamar was featured on the song "Control" by Big Sean, featuring Jay Electronica and Lamar. In his verse, Lamar called out several rappers telling them he was going to murder his competition. The verse gathered responses and diss tracks from artists such as Joe Budden, Papoose, Meek Mill, Diddy, Lupe Fiasco and B.o.B.[195] Rolling Stone called the verse, "One of the Most Important Rap Moments of the Decade."[196]

Kendrick Lamar has been reported to be in a feud with Drake. Complex called their relationship "complicated",[197] Genius called it a "subliminal war"[198] and GQ called it a "cold war" due to the mass popularity of both artists.[199][200]Before Lamar's "Control" verse, Lamar had been featured on Drake's "Buried Alive Interlude", Drake was featured on Lamar's single "Poetic Justice" and both were featured on ASAP Rocky's Billboard top 10 song, "Stupid Problems."[197]Drake responded to Lamar's "Control" verse in an interview with Billboard, saying, "I know good and well that Kendrick’s not murdering me, at all, in any platform."[201]

On September 24, 2013, Drake's third album, Nothing was the Same was released.[202] Publications such as Complex speculated that Drake had sent subliminal insults towards Lamar in the song (and later single) "The Language."[203] In an interview with Pitchfork a day later, Drake showed disapproval with "Control," saying he wasn't impressed with it and added "Mind you, it’ll go on– Complex and Rap Radar will give it like, verse of the millennium and all that or whatever." Drake later said his only competition was Kanye West, after being asked about Kendrick saying he was "murdering his competition."[204] Lamar further escalated tensions in the 2013 BET Hip-Hop Awards cypher when he referred to Drake during the cypher,[205] saying "Yeah, and nothing's been the same since they dropped 'Control' / And tucked a sensitive rapper back in his pajama clothes."[206] Stereogum noted that Lamar was referencing Drake's third studio album, Nothing was the Same, and also Drake being called overly sensitive by the media.[207]

In December 2013, Drake, whilst being interviewed by Vice, said he "stood his ground" and he has to realize "I’m being baited and I’m not gonna fall", then refusing to deny that the line on "The Language" was directed to Kendrick, saying he "doesn't want to get into responses." Drake later went on to say that he acknowledged the lines in Kendrick's cypher were for him and that it wasn't enough for him to prepare a response before saying they haven't seen each other since the BET cypher.[208] Several more reported subliminal lines were spoken by each rapper, four by Kendrick on the songs, "Pay for it", "King Kunta", "Darkside/Gone" and "Deep Water" and two by Drake on the songs "Used To" and "4PM In Calabasas".[197]

In June 2016, former NFL player and broadcast-show host, Marcellus Wileyalleged that on his ESPN show, Drake or Lamar had given an interview in which they started "talking noise!" and claimed that they had problems with the other individual. The interview was eventually not aired and Wiley said it had been "destroyed."[209] Wiley said that the interview would have escalated the reported feud to become official with diss tracks being directed at the other side.[210][211]Following an almost year-long hiatus from music, Kendrick Lamar released "The Heart Part 4." It was speculated that Lamar's line "One, two, three, four, five/I am the greatest rapper alive" was a response to Drake's line "I know I said top five, but I'm top two/And I'm not two and I got one" on the song "Gyalchester."[212][213]Kendrick proceeded to insult rappers who have ghostwriters in an interview with Rolling Stone in August 2015. It was speculated that the insult was directed towards Drake, who has been in controversy due to the use of "ghostwriters" on songs such as "RICO."[214]

Kendrick Lamar has also feuded with Detroit rapper and former collaborator, Big Sean. Following the release of Sean's track "Control" in August 2013 where Lamar calls Sean out and claims he's gonna "murder" him, Sean responded in praise, saying "Alright, that's what it need to get back to, it need to get back to hip-hop, that culture."[215] In January 2015, Sean later spoke on "Control", saying that the song was "negative"[216] and a month later released "Me, Myself, and I" freestyle with lines speculated to be directed at Kendrick.[217] In October 2016, Big Sean released "No More Interviews" with shots directed at Kendrick.[218]

In February 2017, Big Sean appeared on Breakfast Club and when asked about Kendrick Lamar's verse on "Control", became aggressive.[219] Lamar came back from a year-long hiatus from hip-hop with "The Heart Part 4", which involved lines speculated to be directed toward both Drake and Big Sean.[220] Lamar continued with more disses on the Billboard number one single, "Humble."[221]

Accolades
See also: List of awards and nominations received by Kendrick Lamar

Lamar has won thirteen Grammy Awards. He received a total of seven nominations at the 56th Grammy Awards in 2014, including Album of the Yearfor good kid, m.A.A.d city. At the 57th Grammy Awards in 2015, his single "i" earned him his first two wins: Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance. Lamar received his second Album of the Year nomination at the 58th Grammy Awardsfor To Pimp a Butterfly, also leading the list with 11 categories.[128] For the latter, he went on to pass Eminem as the rapper with the most nominations in a single night, and second overall behind Michael Jackson, who holds the record of 12 nominations since 1984.[222] Lamar was the most-awarded artist at the ceremony with five, including Best Rap Album.[127] The rapper appeared for the first time on the Time 100 list of most influential people in 2016.[6]

Lamar has received two civic honors. On May 11, 2015, he received the California State Senate's Generational Icon Award from State Senator Isadore Hall III (D–Compton) who represents California's 35th district. From the senate floor, Lamar told the legislature, "Being from the City of Compton and knowing the parks that I played at and the neighborhoods, I always thought how great the opportunity would be to give back to my community off of what I do in music."[223] On February 13, 2016, Mayor of Compton, California Aja Brownpresented Lamar with the key to the city, for "representing Compton's evolution, embodying the New Vision for Compton."[224]

His debut major-label release, good kid, m.A.A.d city, was named one of "The 100 Best Debut Albums of All Time" by Rolling Stone.[225] To Pimp a Butterflywas ranked by many publications as the best album of 2015.[226][227] In 2015, Billboard included Lamar in "The 10 Greatest Rappers of All-Time."[228] Complexmagazine has ranked Lamar atop "The 20 Best Rappers in Their 20s" annual lists in 2013, 2015 and 2016.[229]

DAMN. won the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for Music, making Lamar the first non-jazz or classical artist to win the award.[230] In collecting his award on May 30, 2018, new Pulitzer administrator Dana Canedy, the first woman and African American to lead the organization, told him: "Congratulations, looks like we're both making history this year." [231]

Personal life
In April 2015, Lamar became engaged to his longtime girlfriend Whitney Alford.[232] Alford gave birth to their first child in 2019.[233] He is the cousin of NBA player Nick Young.[234] He used to smoke cannabis, but has since quit.[235]

Religion
Lamar is a devout Christian,[236] and says he converted following the death of a friend.[237] He has been outspoken about his faith, both in his music[238] and interviews.[239] He announced to an audience in the Staples Center during Kanye West's Yeezus Tour that he had been baptized in 2013.[240][239][241] Lamar has credited God for his fame and his deliverance from crime that often plagued Compton in the 1990s.[242] Lamar also believes his career is divinely inspiredand that he has a greater purpose to serve mankind, saying in an interview with Complex: "I got a greater purpose, God put something in my heart to get across and that's what I'm going to focus on, using my voice as an instrument and doing what needs to be done."[243]

In 2014, Lamar dressed up as Jesus for Halloween and when asked about his decision, said: The introductory lines to his album Good Kid, M.A.A.D City include a form of the Sinner's Prayer.[245] His song "i" discusses his Christian faith.[246] Lamar's fourth studio album DAMN. has a recurring theme based around religion and struggle.[247]

Politics and activism
Lamar (left) at the 2016 White HouseIndependence Day celebration with then-President Barack Obama (center) and singer Janelle Monáe (right)

During the 2012 presidential election, Lamar stated, "I don't vote. I don't do no voting, I will keep it straight up real with you. I don't believe in none of the jerk that's going on in the world."[248] He went on to say that voting was useless, saying, "When I say the president can't even control the world, then you definitely know there's something else out there pushing the buttons. They could do whatever they want to do, we all puppets."[249]

Several days before the 2012 presidential election, Lamar reversed his previous claim that he was not going to vote and said that he was voting for Barack Obama because Mitt Romney did not have a "good heart".[250] Lamar later met President Obama in January 2016 in promotion of Obama's My Brother's Keeper Challenge. Speaking about the meeting, Lamar said, "We tend to forget that people who've attained a certain position are human."[251] Before the meeting, Obama said in an interview that his favorite song of 2015 was Lamar's "How Much A Dollar Cost".[252]

Discography
Main articles: Kendrick Lamar discography and Black Hippy discography

Studio albums
 * Section.80 (2011)
 * Good Kid, M.A.A.D City (2012)
 * To Pimp a Butterfly (2015)
 * Damn (2017)

Concert tours

 * Headlining
 * Section.80 Tour (2011)[253][254]
 * Good Kid, M.A.A.D City World Tour (2013)[255][256]
 * Kunta Groove Sessions Tour (2015)[257]
 * The Damn Tour (2017–18)[258]
 * The Championship Tour (with Top Dawg Entertainment artists) (2018)[259]
 * Supporting
 * Kanye West – The Yeezus Tour (2013–14)[260][261]