Alameda County, California

Alameda County is a county in the state of California in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,510,271, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state. Its county seat is Oakland. Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area, occupying much of the East Bay region.

History
The county was formed on March 25, 1853, from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County.

The Spanish word alameda means "a place where poplar trees grow," a name originally given to the Arroyo de la Alameda (Poplar Grove Creek). The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early explorers of a road lined with trees, also known as an alameda.

The county seat at the time it was formed was located at Alvarado, now part of Union City. In 1856 it was moved to San Leandro, where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872-1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873.

Much of what is now considered an intensively urban region, with major cities, was developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The historical progression from Native American tribal lands to Spanish, then Mexican ranches, then to farms, ranches, and orchards, then multiple city centers and suburbs, is shared with the adjacent and closely associated Contra Costa County.

Events
The annual county fair is held at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton. The fair runs for three weekends from June to July. Attractions include horse racing, carnival rides, 4-H exhibits, and live bands.

Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 821 sqmi, of which 739 sqmi is land and 82 sqmi (10%) is water.

The San Francisco Bay borders the county on the west, and the City and County of San Francisco, California has a small land border with the city of Alameda due to land filling. The crest of the Berkeley Hills form part of the northeastern boundary, and reach into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay; and is Oakland's most populous region. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county.

The Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of Alameda County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the county.

National protected area

 * Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (part)

Demographics
A 2014 analysis by The Atlantic found Alameda County to be the 4th most racially diverse county in the United States—behind Aleutians West Census Area and Aleutians East Borough in Alaska, and Queens County in New York—as well as the most diverse county in California.

2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density was 2,047.6 people per square mile (790.6/km²). The racial makeup of Alameda County was 649,122 (43.0%) White, 190,451 (12.6%) African American, 9,799 (0.6%) Native American, 394,560 (26.1%) Asian (9.7% Chinese, 5.5% Filipino, 4.8% Indian, 2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Korean, 0.8% Japanese, 2.2% Other Asian), 12,802 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 162,540 (10.8%) from other races, and 90,997 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons (22.5%): 16.4% Mexican, 0.8% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban, 5.1% Other Hispanic.

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,443,741 people, 523,366 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living within them, 47.0% married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31.

In the county, the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $55,946, and the median income for a family was $65,857 (these figures had risen to $66,430 and $81,341 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $47,425 versus $36,921 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,680. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

In 2000, the largest denominational group was the Catholics (with 306,437 adherents). The largest religious bodies were The Catholic Church (with 306,437 members) and Judaism (with 32,500 members).

Government
The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Alameda. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Alameda County, while municipalities such as the city of Oakland and the city of Berkeley provide additional, often non-essential services. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, and public health. In addition it is the local government for all unincorporated areas, and provides services such as law enforcement to some incorporated cities under a contract arrangement.

It is composed of the elected five-member Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) as the county legislature, several other elected offices and officers including the Sheriff, the District Attorney, Assessor, Auditor-Controller/County Clerk/Recorder, and Treasurer/Tax Collector, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Alameda County, such as the Alameda County Superior Court.

The current supervisors are:
 * Scott Haggerty, district 1,
 * Richard Valle, district 2,
 * Wilma Chan, district 3,
 * Nate Miley, district 4, and
 * Keith Carson, district 5.

The Board elects a president who presides at all meetings of the Board and appoints committees to handle work involving the major programs of the county. If the president is absent for a meeting, the vice president shall be responsible. A Board election occurs every two years for these positions. Supervisor Miley is serving currently as president; Supervisor Carson is vice president.

The county's law enforcement is overseen by an elected Sheriff/Coroner and an elected District Attorney. The Sheriff supervises the deputies of the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, whose primary responsibilities include policing unincorporated areas of the county and cities within the county which contract with the Sheriff's Office for police services; providing security and law enforcement for county buildings including courthouses, the county jail and other county properties; providing support resources, such as a forensics laboratory and search and rescue capabilities, to other law enforcement agencies throughout the county; and serving the process of the county's Superior Court system. The District Attorney's office is responsible for prosecuting all criminal violations of the laws of the state of California, the county, or its constituent municipalities, in the Alameda County Superior Court. The current Sheriff is Gregory J. Ahern, who was elected in 2006, succeeding Charles Plummer, who had served in the post for 20 years. The Interim District Attorney is Nancy E. O'Malley, who was appointed to fill the position of retiring District Attorney Tom Orloff in September 2009. The Sheriff's Office operates two jails: Santa Rita Jail in Dublin, and Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility in downtown Oakland.

The Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) was formed on July 1, 1993 as a dependent district, with the Board of Supervisors as its governing body. Municipal and specialized fire departments have been consolidated into the ACFD over the years. 1993 brought in the Castro Valley and Eden Consolidated FD, and the County Fire Patrol. San Leandro joined in 1995, Dublin in 1997, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2002, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2007, The Alameda County Regional Emergency Communications Center in 2008, and Newark and Union City in 2010. Emeryville joined the ACFD in 2012.

The Alameda County Water District is a special district within Alameda County created to distribute water, but it is not operated by Alameda County administrators. It is operated by an elected board of directors.

Alameda County Superior Court operates in twelve separate locations throughout the county, with its central René C. Davidson Courthouse located in Oakland near Lake Merritt. Most major criminal trials and complex civil cases are heard at this location or in courtrooms within the County Administration Building across the street.

State and federal representation
In the California State Assembly, Alameda County is split between five districts:
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In the California State Senate, the county is split between three districts:
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In the United States House of Representatives, the county is split between three districts:
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Politics
Alameda County is a stronghold of the Democratic Party. It has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1956, when Dwight Eisenhower carried the county. Historically, the county was Republican until the 1958 defeat of William F. Knowland. Even when Ronald Reagan won the national popular vote by an 18.3% margin in 1984, Walter Mondale won Alameda County by a slightly larger margin. In 2004 it voted for John Kerry by a margin of over 75%. Every city and town voted Democratic.

According to the California Secretary of State, there are 709,414 registered voters in Alameda County. 401,847 (56.6%) are registered Democrats, 116,864 (16.5%) are registered Republicans, 33,689 (4.8%) are registered to minor political parties, and 157,014 (22.1%) declined to answer. This means Democrats have a 40.1% registration advantage over Republicans. Every city, town, and unincorporated area in Alameda County has more registered Democrats than Republicans.

On November 4, 2008 Alameda County voted 62.0% against Proposition 8, which won statewide, and which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage. The county garnered the sixth highest "no" vote, by percentage, of all California counties, and was the second largest county, by total voter turnout, to vote against it.

Crime
The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Education
The Alameda County Office of Education oversees seventeen K–12 school districts and one K–8 district in Alameda County. In all, there are approximately 10,000 teachers serving 225,000 students. The ACOE also services three community college districts with a total enrollment of approximately 55,000 students.

The Alameda County Library operates libraries in the cities of Albany, Dublin, Fremont, Newark and Union City and the unincorporated communities of Castro Valley and San Lorenzo. The cities of Alameda, Berkeley, Hayward, Livermore, Oakland, San Leandro, and Pleasanton have their own library systems.

Colleges and universities
Alameda County is home to the University of California, Berkeley, the flagship campus of the University of California system, and one of the largest and most prestigious research universities in the world.

Other colleges and universities located within Alameda county include:


 * Berkeley City College
 * California State University, East Bay, one of the campuses of the California State University system
 * Chabot College, a two-year community college, part of the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District
 * College of Alameda, a two-year community college, part of the Peralta Community College District of northern Alameda County
 * Ex'pression College for Digital Arts
 * Graduate Theological Union, a consortium of several Bay Area seminaries, affiliated with the University of California, Berkeley.
 * Holy Names University
 * Laney College, a two-year community college, part of the Peralta Community College system
 * Las Positas College
 * Merritt College, a two-year community college, part of the Peralta Community College system
 * Mills College, a private 4 year women's college and coeducational graduate school
 * Ohlone College, part of the Ohlone Community College District
 * Samuel Merritt University

School districts (K–12)

 * Alameda Unified School District
 * Albany Unified School District
 * Berkeley Unified School District
 * Castro Valley Unified School District
 * Dublin Unified School District
 * Emery Unified School District
 * Fremont Unified School District
 * Hayward Unified School District
 * Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District
 * Lammersville Joint Unified School District
 * New Haven Unified School District
 * Newark Unified School District
 * Oakland Unified School District
 * Piedmont Unified School District
 * Pleasanton Unified School District
 * San Leandro Unified School District
 * San Lorenzo Unified School District
 * Sunol Glen Unified School District

Arts
The Alameda County Arts Commission, a division of the county administration, under the California Arts Council, was created in 1965. Its fifteen appointed members act in an advisory capacity to the board of supervisors, in promoting the arts. The Oakland Museum of California has a substantial collection of California art works and historical artifacts.

Sports
The following sports teams play in Alameda County.

Parks and recreation
There are more than 350 parks located within the county. The East Bay Regional Park District operates within Alameda and neighboring Contra Costa County, with numerous parks within the county, including, Tilden Regional Park, Redwood Regional Park, Anthony Chabot Regional Park, Coyote Hills Regional Park, Ardenwood Historic Farm, and Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park. Eastshore State Park is located partially along the bay shore of northern Alameda County. The San Francisco Bay Trail, a project of the Association of Bay Area Governments, will run along the bay shore of the county. The Hayward Area Recreation and Park District is the largest special park district in California.

Major highways

 * [[Image:I-80 (CA).svg|20px]] Interstate 80 (Eastshore Freeway)
 * [[Image:I-205 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 205
 * [[Image:I-238 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 238
 * [[Image:I-580 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 580 (MacArthur Freeway/Arthur Breed Freeway)
 * [[Image:I-680 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 680 (Sinclair Freeway)
 * [[Image:I-880 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 880 (Nimitz Freeway/Cypress Freeway)
 * [[Image:I-980 (CA).svg|25px]] Interstate 980 (John B. Williams Freeway)
 * [[Image:California 13.svg|20px]] State Route 13 (Warren Freeway/Tunnel Road/Ashby Avenue)
 * [[Image:California 24.svg|20px]] State Route 24 (William Byron Rumford Freeway)
 * [[Image:California 61.svg|20px]] State Route 61
 * [[Image:California 84.svg|20px]] State Route 84
 * [[Image:California 92.svg|20px]] State Route 92 (Jackson Street/San Mateo Bridge)
 * [[Image:California 123.svg|25px]] State Route 123 (San Pablo Avenue) – formerly [[Image:US 40 (CA).svg|20px]] U.S. Route 40
 * [[Image:California 185.svg|25px]] State Route 185 (Mission Boulevard/East 14th Street)
 * [[Image:California 238.svg|25px]] State Route 238 (Mission Boulevard/Foothill Boulevard)
 * [[Image:California 262.svg|25px]] State Route 262 (Mission Boulevard)

Mass transit

 * ACE train – commuter rail using existing railroad tracks; primarily brings commuters from San Joaquin County to Santa Clara County
 * AC Transit – local bus system in western Alameda County and west Contra Costa County, with additional service across the three bridges from Alameda County to downtown San Francisco, San Mateo, and Palo Alto
 * BART – commuter rail centered on northwest Oakland, primarily serving commuters to downtown San Francisco and downtown Oakland
 * Capitol Corridor – commuter rail using existing railroad tracks, extending from San Jose to Sacramento, running through western Alameda County
 * WHEELS – bus system in the cities of southeastern Alameda County
 * Union City Transit – local city bus service within Union City in addition to AC Transit
 * Emery-Go-Round – free bus service in Emeryville.
 * Alameda / Oakland Ferry and Harbor Bay Ferry – connect Oakland, Alameda, and Bay Farm Island with downtown San Francisco
 * San Joaquin – Amtrak route between Oakland and Bakersfield through Fresno and the Central Valley
 * VTA – commuter service between southern Alameda county and job centers in the Silicon Valley
 * Dumbarton Express – additional service across the Dumbarton Bridge between Fremont and Palo Alto

Airports
The main airport is the Oakland International Airport, with two general aviation airports, the Hayward Executive Airport and Livermore Municipal Airport.

Services
The county operates hospitals and primary care clinics, through the Alameda County Medical Center. The Alameda County Community Food Bank nonprofit provides food bank resources to residents. The Family Emergency Shelter Coalition coordinates services for homeless families.

Landmarks
Alameda County has eight National Historic Landmarks: The Abbey, Joaquin Miller House, First Church of Christ, Scientist, USS Hornet (CVS-12) (aircraft carrier), Lake Merritt Wild Duck Refuge, Lightship WAL-605, Relief, Paramount Theatre, Potomac (Presidential yacht), and Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California. The county has a large number of National Historic Places, as well as a number of California Historical Landmarks.

Sister county
Alameda has a sister county: Taoyuan County, Taiwan (now Taoyuan City).

Cities

 * Alameda
 * Albany
 * Berkeley
 * Dublin
 * Emeryville
 * Fremont
 * Hayward
 * Livermore
 * Newark
 * Oakland (county seat)
 * Piedmont
 * Pleasanton
 * San Leandro
 * Union City

Census-designated places

 * Ashland
 * Castro Valley
 * Cherryland
 * Fairview
 * San Lorenzo
 * Sunol

Unincorporated communities

 * Albrae
 * Altamont
 * Asco
 * Baumberg
 * Brightside
 * Brookshire
 * Carpenter
 * Dougherty
 * Dresser
 * East Pleasanton
 * Farwell
 * Hall Station
 * Halvern
 * Kilkare Woods
 * Komandorski Village
 * Lorenzo Station
 * Mattos
 * Mendenhall Springs
 * Midway
 * Mountain House
 * Mowry Landing
 * Radum
 * San Ramon Village
 * Scotts Corner
 * Sorenson
 * Verona

Former townships



 * Oakland Township – the northern portion subsequently became the cities of Berkeley and Albany.
 * Alameda Township – now essentially coterminous with the City of Alameda.
 * Brooklyn Township – mostly contained within Oakland and Piedmont.
 * Eden Township – partly incorporated into San Leandro and Hayward, the rest contains the communities of Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, and other unincorporated areas.
 * Washington Township – contains Union City, Newark, Fremont, and small unincorporated areas nearby.
 * Murray Township – Contains cities of Dublin, Pleasanton, and Livermore, and substantial unincorporated areas including Sunol.

Population ranking
The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Alameda County.

† county seat